“包容性發(fā)展”與收入分配：智利案例研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-19 18:59
【摘要】：“包容性發(fā)展”理念體現(xiàn)了經濟增長和社會全面發(fā)展之間的辯證關系。它是新的發(fā)展時代向世界提出的一個新命題，對于拉美國家智利更是有著重要的意義。20世紀70~80年代智利軍政府執(zhí)政時期，經濟取得了高速增長，但收入分配狀況卻嚴重惡化且難以改善；1990年以來智利文人政府注重改善民生，收入差距開始縮小，但目前基尼系數(shù)仍處于0.5以上的高位，收入分配問題依然是導致智利社會排斥的主要因素。因此，在經濟增長的同時促進“包容性發(fā)展”，改善收入分配，是智利當前和未來發(fā)展的必由之路。 本文首先綜述了西方經濟學理論尤其是現(xiàn)代發(fā)展經濟學理論中關于收入分配的論述，并歸納出與之相關的三對重要關系：增長與分配、效率與公平、國家與市場。在此基礎上，結合拉美國家收入分配理論的發(fā)展和歷史教訓，指出當前智利“包容性發(fā)展”的內涵是包容增長與分配，通過改善收入分配促進“社會凝聚”。接著通過回顧20世紀70年代以來智利的發(fā)展過程和收入分配的演變分析“包容性發(fā)展”戰(zhàn)略的重要性并總結出影響智利收入分配的主要因素也即未來改善其的路徑。最后分別從初次分配和再分配環(huán)節(jié)分析近年來智利在上述改善分配的路徑中所采取的政策、成效及存在的問題。 通過分析，本文得出如下結論：第一，智利軍政府和文人政府對增長與分配、效率與公平、國家與市場關系的不同處理方式是導致四十年來智利收入分配先惡化后改善的主要原因。未來，智利在“包容性發(fā)展”戰(zhàn)略下，應當繼續(xù)包容增長與分配，，在初次分配和再分配環(huán)節(jié)都兼顧效率與公平，國家應扮演正確的角色，積極參與對收入分配各項因素的調節(jié)。第二，影響智利收入分配的主要因素即改善其的路徑有：宏觀經濟和經濟增長、生產同質性、就業(yè)同質性、教育、稅收、社會保障。其中生產和就業(yè)同質性是關鍵因素，初次分配是決定性環(huán)節(jié)。第三，1990年以來智利的收入分配之所以未得到明顯改善，是因為在“包容性發(fā)展”的一些主要路徑上許多過去形成的制度并未得到根本改變，而許多政策又未取得明顯成效，還存在問題。
[Abstract]:The concept of inclusive development embodies the dialectical relationship between economic growth and overall social development. It is a new proposition put forward to the world in the new era of development, and it is of great significance to the Latin American country Chile. During the period of the military junta in the 1970s and 1980s, the economy of Chile achieved rapid economic growth. However, the income distribution has deteriorated seriously and is difficult to improve. Since 1990, the Chilean civilian government has focused on improving the people's livelihood, and the income gap has begun to narrow, but the Gini coefficient is still at a high level of more than 0.5. Income distribution continues to be a major factor leading to social exclusion in Chile. Therefore, promoting "inclusive development" and improving income distribution at the same time as economic growth are the only way for Chile's current and future development. This paper first summarizes the theories of western economics, especially modern development economics, about income distribution, and concludes three important relationships: growth and distribution, efficiency and equity, state and market. On this basis, combined with the development and historical lessons of income distribution theory in Latin American countries, the author points out that the connotation of "inclusive development" in Chile is inclusive growth and distribution, and promotes "social cohesion" through improving income distribution. Then, by reviewing the development process and the evolution of income distribution in Chile since 1970s, the importance of "inclusive development" strategy is analyzed, and the main factors that affect Chile's income distribution, that is, the path to improve it in the future, are summarized. Finally, this paper analyzes the policies, results and problems of Chile in the way of improving distribution in recent years from the aspects of initial distribution and redistribution. Through analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, the military government and the civilian government of Chile on growth and distribution, efficiency and equity, Different ways of dealing with state-market relations are the main reasons for Chile's income distribution to deteriorate first and then to improve over the past 40 years. In the future, under the strategy of "inclusive development", Chile should continue to be inclusive of growth and distribution, giving consideration to both efficiency and equity in the initial distribution and redistribution, and the state should play the correct role and actively participate in the adjustment of all factors of income distribution. Second, the main factors affecting Chile's income distribution are: macroeconomic and economic growth, production homogeneity, employment homogeneity, education, taxation, social security. Among them, the homogeneity of production and employment is the key factor, and the primary distribution is the decisive link. Thirdly, the fact that Chile's income distribution has not improved significantly since 1990 is due to the fact that, on some of the main tracks of "inclusive development", many of the systems that have been shaped in the past have not been fundamentally changed and many policies have not yielded tangible results. There are still problems.
【學位授予單位】：中國社會科學院研究生院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F178.4
本文編號：2192529
[Abstract]:The concept of inclusive development embodies the dialectical relationship between economic growth and overall social development. It is a new proposition put forward to the world in the new era of development, and it is of great significance to the Latin American country Chile. During the period of the military junta in the 1970s and 1980s, the economy of Chile achieved rapid economic growth. However, the income distribution has deteriorated seriously and is difficult to improve. Since 1990, the Chilean civilian government has focused on improving the people's livelihood, and the income gap has begun to narrow, but the Gini coefficient is still at a high level of more than 0.5. Income distribution continues to be a major factor leading to social exclusion in Chile. Therefore, promoting "inclusive development" and improving income distribution at the same time as economic growth are the only way for Chile's current and future development. This paper first summarizes the theories of western economics, especially modern development economics, about income distribution, and concludes three important relationships: growth and distribution, efficiency and equity, state and market. On this basis, combined with the development and historical lessons of income distribution theory in Latin American countries, the author points out that the connotation of "inclusive development" in Chile is inclusive growth and distribution, and promotes "social cohesion" through improving income distribution. Then, by reviewing the development process and the evolution of income distribution in Chile since 1970s, the importance of "inclusive development" strategy is analyzed, and the main factors that affect Chile's income distribution, that is, the path to improve it in the future, are summarized. Finally, this paper analyzes the policies, results and problems of Chile in the way of improving distribution in recent years from the aspects of initial distribution and redistribution. Through analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, the military government and the civilian government of Chile on growth and distribution, efficiency and equity, Different ways of dealing with state-market relations are the main reasons for Chile's income distribution to deteriorate first and then to improve over the past 40 years. In the future, under the strategy of "inclusive development", Chile should continue to be inclusive of growth and distribution, giving consideration to both efficiency and equity in the initial distribution and redistribution, and the state should play the correct role and actively participate in the adjustment of all factors of income distribution. Second, the main factors affecting Chile's income distribution are: macroeconomic and economic growth, production homogeneity, employment homogeneity, education, taxation, social security. Among them, the homogeneity of production and employment is the key factor, and the primary distribution is the decisive link. Thirdly, the fact that Chile's income distribution has not improved significantly since 1990 is due to the fact that, on some of the main tracks of "inclusive development", many of the systems that have been shaped in the past have not been fundamentally changed and many policies have not yielded tangible results. There are still problems.
【學位授予單位】：中國社會科學院研究生院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F178.4
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