【摘要】：“包容性發(fā)展”理念體現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和社會(huì)全面發(fā)展之間的辯證關(guān)系。它是新的發(fā)展時(shí)代向世界提出的一個(gè)新命題，對(duì)于拉美國(guó)家智利更是有著重要的意義。20世紀(jì)70~80年代智利軍政府執(zhí)政時(shí)期，經(jīng)濟(jì)取得了高速增長(zhǎng)，但收入分配狀況卻嚴(yán)重惡化且難以改善；1990年以來(lái)智利文人政府注重改善民生，收入差距開(kāi)始縮小，但目前基尼系數(shù)仍處于0.5以上的高位，收入分配問(wèn)題依然是導(dǎo)致智利社會(huì)排斥的主要因素。因此，在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的同時(shí)促進(jìn)“包容性發(fā)展”，改善收入分配，是智利當(dāng)前和未來(lái)發(fā)展的必由之路。 本文首先綜述了西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論尤其是現(xiàn)代發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論中關(guān)于收入分配的論述，并歸納出與之相關(guān)的三對(duì)重要關(guān)系：增長(zhǎng)與分配、效率與公平、國(guó)家與市場(chǎng)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合拉美國(guó)家收入分配理論的發(fā)展和歷史教訓(xùn)，指出當(dāng)前智利“包容性發(fā)展”的內(nèi)涵是包容增長(zhǎng)與分配，通過(guò)改善收入分配促進(jìn)“社會(huì)凝聚”。接著通過(guò)回顧20世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái)智利的發(fā)展過(guò)程和收入分配的演變分析“包容性發(fā)展”戰(zhàn)略的重要性并總結(jié)出影響智利收入分配的主要因素也即未來(lái)改善其的路徑。最后分別從初次分配和再分配環(huán)節(jié)分析近年來(lái)智利在上述改善分配的路徑中所采取的政策、成效及存在的問(wèn)題。 通過(guò)分析，本文得出如下結(jié)論：第一，智利軍政府和文人政府對(duì)增長(zhǎng)與分配、效率與公平、國(guó)家與市場(chǎng)關(guān)系的不同處理方式是導(dǎo)致四十年來(lái)智利收入分配先惡化后改善的主要原因。未來(lái)，智利在“包容性發(fā)展”戰(zhàn)略下，應(yīng)當(dāng)繼續(xù)包容增長(zhǎng)與分配，，在初次分配和再分配環(huán)節(jié)都兼顧效率與公平，國(guó)家應(yīng)扮演正確的角色，積極參與對(duì)收入分配各項(xiàng)因素的調(diào)節(jié)。第二，影響智利收入分配的主要因素即改善其的路徑有：宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、生產(chǎn)同質(zhì)性、就業(yè)同質(zhì)性、教育、稅收、社會(huì)保障。其中生產(chǎn)和就業(yè)同質(zhì)性是關(guān)鍵因素，初次分配是決定性環(huán)節(jié)。第三，1990年以來(lái)智利的收入分配之所以未得到明顯改善，是因?yàn)樵凇鞍菪园l(fā)展”的一些主要路徑上許多過(guò)去形成的制度并未得到根本改變，而許多政策又未取得明顯成效，還存在問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:The concept of inclusive development embodies the dialectical relationship between economic growth and overall social development. It is a new proposition put forward to the world in the new era of development, and it is of great significance to the Latin American country Chile. During the period of the military junta in the 1970s and 1980s, the economy of Chile achieved rapid economic growth. However, the income distribution has deteriorated seriously and is difficult to improve. Since 1990, the Chilean civilian government has focused on improving the people's livelihood, and the income gap has begun to narrow, but the Gini coefficient is still at a high level of more than 0.5. Income distribution continues to be a major factor leading to social exclusion in Chile. Therefore, promoting "inclusive development" and improving income distribution at the same time as economic growth are the only way for Chile's current and future development. This paper first summarizes the theories of western economics, especially modern development economics, about income distribution, and concludes three important relationships: growth and distribution, efficiency and equity, state and market. On this basis, combined with the development and historical lessons of income distribution theory in Latin American countries, the author points out that the connotation of "inclusive development" in Chile is inclusive growth and distribution, and promotes "social cohesion" through improving income distribution. Then, by reviewing the development process and the evolution of income distribution in Chile since 1970s, the importance of "inclusive development" strategy is analyzed, and the main factors that affect Chile's income distribution, that is, the path to improve it in the future, are summarized. Finally, this paper analyzes the policies, results and problems of Chile in the way of improving distribution in recent years from the aspects of initial distribution and redistribution. Through analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, the military government and the civilian government of Chile on growth and distribution, efficiency and equity, Different ways of dealing with state-market relations are the main reasons for Chile's income distribution to deteriorate first and then to improve over the past 40 years. In the future, under the strategy of "inclusive development", Chile should continue to be inclusive of growth and distribution, giving consideration to both efficiency and equity in the initial distribution and redistribution, and the state should play the correct role and actively participate in the adjustment of all factors of income distribution. Second, the main factors affecting Chile's income distribution are: macroeconomic and economic growth, production homogeneity, employment homogeneity, education, taxation, social security. Among them, the homogeneity of production and employment is the key factor, and the primary distribution is the decisive link. Thirdly, the fact that Chile's income distribution has not improved significantly since 1990 is due to the fact that, on some of the main tracks of "inclusive development", many of the systems that have been shaped in the past have not been fundamentally changed and many policies have not yielded tangible results. There are still problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F178.4

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