【摘要】：日本政府于1960年制定了國民收入倍增計劃，定下1961—1970年十年間國民生產(chǎn)總值和人均國民收入增長1倍的經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)。該計劃從產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)高級化、充實社會資本、培訓(xùn)人才、促進(jìn)對外貿(mào)易與國際合作等方面實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展。同時，日本政府更加注重收入分配方面的改革，包括切實解決“三農(nóng)問題”、促進(jìn)中小企業(yè)現(xiàn)代化、縮小地區(qū)間所得差距、糾正各收入階層級差、完善財政政策與社保機(jī)制等，，以縮小農(nóng)業(yè)與非農(nóng)業(yè)之間、大企業(yè)與中小企業(yè)之間、地區(qū)之間的收入差距，改善經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡的狀況，使經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的成果惠及全民。計劃實施后，日本大部分經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)都超額完成，國民生活水平大幅提高，成為西方世界僅次于美國的第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國，實現(xiàn)了國富民強(qiáng)，改善了收入分配狀況，成為發(fā)達(dá)國家中的領(lǐng)跑者。 目前的中國與當(dāng)時的日本都處于工業(yè)化發(fā)展中期，面臨經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展中的諸多問題，尤其是在收入分配領(lǐng)域的問題。我國城鄉(xiāng)分割的“二元“經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的長期存在加劇了城鄉(xiāng)收入差距，中西部地區(qū)在自然條件、國家政策等方面與東部地區(qū)相比還存在較大差異，壟斷行業(yè)收入畸高使得行業(yè)收入差距日益顯著，“灰色”收入的存在扭曲了收入分配結(jié)構(gòu)。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展嚴(yán)重不平衡的局面，不僅抑制了國內(nèi)需求進(jìn)而制約我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，而且加劇了社會矛盾，引發(fā)一系列社會問題。隨著收入差距的不斷擴(kuò)大，貧困人口將不斷增加，由貧困現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致的社會問題將會嚴(yán)重影響社會的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。 我國應(yīng)借鑒日本國民收入倍增計劃，尤其是收入分配方面的改革，如推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化、加大對中小企業(yè)的支持力度、促進(jìn)勞動力流動、健全社會保障制度等，改善收入分配差距過大局面，由“國富“向”民富“轉(zhuǎn)變。但與日本相比，我國收入分配問題更加嚴(yán)峻和復(fù)雜，因此，文章認(rèn)為借鑒日本經(jīng)驗進(jìn)行收入分配改革應(yīng)結(jié)合我國的國情，探索出一條符合我國國情的收入分配改革道路，主要措施有：對國企和壟斷行業(yè)的收入分配進(jìn)行根本性改革；健全工會組織進(jìn)而建立工資集體協(xié)商制度；打破二元戶籍制度，推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程；深化稅制改革，調(diào)節(jié)收入再分配機(jī)制；改革社會保險制度以完善社會保障體系。
[Abstract]:The Japanese government formulated a plan for doubling national income in 1960, setting an economic goal of doubling gross national product and per capita national income in the decade 1961-1970. The plan aims to upgrade the industrial structure, enrich social capital, train talents, and promote the rapid economic development of foreign trade and international cooperation. At the same time, the Japanese government has paid more attention to the reform of income distribution, including effectively resolving the "three rural issues," promoting the modernization of small and medium-sized enterprises, narrowing the income gap between regions, rectifying the income gap among different income classes, and perfecting the fiscal policy and social security mechanism, and so on. In order to narrow the income gap between agriculture and non-agriculture, between large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises, between regions, to improve the imbalance of economic development, so that the results of economic development will benefit the whole people. Since the implementation of the plan, most of Japan's economic indicators have been overfulfilled, and the standard of living of its people has been greatly improved. It has become the second largest economic power in the western world after the United States, has achieved national prosperity and people's strength, and has improved its income distribution. To become a leader in the developed world. At present, both China and Japan are in the middle stage of industrialization and face many problems in economic and social development, especially in the field of income distribution. The long-term existence of the "dual" economic system of urban-rural division in China has aggravated the income gap between urban and rural areas, and there are still large differences between the central and western regions in terms of natural conditions, national policies, and so on, compared with the eastern regions. The abnormal income of monopoly industry makes the income gap become more and more obvious, and the existence of "grey" income distorts the income distribution structure. The serious imbalance of economic development not only restrains domestic demand and restricts the rapid development of our economy, but also intensifies social contradictions and causes a series of social problems. With the expansion of income gap, the number of poor people will continue to increase, and the social problems caused by poverty will seriously affect the stable development of society. China should draw lessons from Japan's national income doubling plan, especially the reform of income distribution, such as promoting agricultural modernization, increasing support for small and medium-sized enterprises, promoting labor mobility, and improving the social security system, etc. To improve the income distribution gap, from "national rich" to "people rich" transition. However, compared with Japan, the problem of income distribution in our country is more severe and complex. Therefore, the article holds that the reform of income distribution should be combined with the national conditions of our country and find a way to reform the income distribution in accordance with the national conditions of our country. The main measures include: fundamental reform of income distribution in state-owned enterprises and monopolistic industries; improvement of trade union organizations and further establishment of a collective wage consultation system; breaking the dual household registration system and promoting the urbanization process; deepening tax system reform; Adjust the income redistribution mechanism and reform the social insurance system to perfect the social security system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F131.3;F124.7

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