【摘要】：產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)相互影響，相互作用。良好的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)必然會(huì)促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)健康的發(fā)展。研究不同時(shí)期產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的狀況和政府針對(duì)這種產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)狀況實(shí)施的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，有助于加深對(duì)于影響俄產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的主要因素的分析，從而為制定正確的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化升級(jí)奠定基礎(chǔ)，也可以為我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整提供一定的借鑒意義。本文具體分析了不同政府時(shí)期采取的不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策及對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)狀況的影響，主要有：前蘇聯(lián)政府由于對(duì)國(guó)際形勢(shì)的錯(cuò)誤估計(jì)，采取國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)軍事化的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，造成了重輕工業(yè)比重嚴(yán)重失調(diào)的產(chǎn)業(yè)狀況，并且導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展困難重重。葉利欽政府在面臨這些經(jīng)濟(jì)問題時(shí)，采取了“休克療法”，迅速由計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，采取加速國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)私有化和全面實(shí)行對(duì)外開放的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，但轉(zhuǎn)型總體來(lái)說(shuō)是不成功的，不但沒有緩解重輕工業(yè)比重失調(diào)的問題，，還造成了高通脹水平和產(chǎn)出的下降。普京政府注意在保護(hù)私有經(jīng)濟(jì)的同時(shí)加大國(guó)家對(duì)于重點(diǎn)行業(yè)和關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域的支持力度，積極地為市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造良好的環(huán)境。雖然普京時(shí)期仍然是以重工業(yè)為主的工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，出口結(jié)構(gòu)的能源和原材料化趨勢(shì)并沒有發(fā)生改變，但經(jīng)濟(jì)一直保持高速增長(zhǎng)，貧困率和失業(yè)率水平也降下來(lái)了。梅普時(shí)期由于遭遇全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率下降，但高通脹率也顯著下降。政府提出了“社會(huì)創(chuàng)新的發(fā)展模式”來(lái)代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的能源型，和現(xiàn)代化方案，重視科技在產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整中的作用，并用先進(jìn)的技術(shù)來(lái)改造傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)。雖然梅普時(shí)期的發(fā)展方向正確，但是其以重工業(yè)為主的工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和出口結(jié)構(gòu)能源、原材料化的狀況仍舊沒有改善。在介紹了俄不同政府階段的不同經(jīng)濟(jì)政策和對(duì)于產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響之后從供給和需求方面簡(jiǎn)要分析了影響俄產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的主要因素。在分析這些因素的基礎(chǔ)上提出了《2020—2030年俄羅斯社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展主要指標(biāo)預(yù)測(cè)》進(jìn)而決定了俄要走創(chuàng)新型發(fā)展方案并輔以數(shù)據(jù)證明。之后根據(jù)俄的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)影響因素分析了創(chuàng)新型發(fā)展方案的障礙和挑戰(zhàn)，包括經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，高通脹率，科技轉(zhuǎn)化效率，人口因素以及國(guó)際分工的問題。隨后對(duì)俄產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)狀況帶給中國(guó)的啟示（比如產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的狀況，政府企業(yè)和市場(chǎng)的關(guān)系等）做了分析，雖然俄產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展找到了正確的方向，但發(fā)展過程必然存在著眾多的障礙和挑戰(zhàn)，可以說(shuō)是困難重重，需要繼續(xù)在實(shí)踐中探索。
[Abstract]:Industrial structure and economic growth interact and interact. A good industrial structure will inevitably promote the sustained and healthy development of the economy. The study of the situation of industrial structure in different periods and the economic policies implemented by the government in view of this industrial structure situation will help to deepen the analysis of the main factors affecting the industrial structure of Russia, so as to formulate correct economic policies. Realizing the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure lays a foundation for the adjustment of industrial structure in China. This paper analyzes the different economic policies adopted by different governments in different periods and their influence on the industrial structure. The main reasons are as follows: the former Soviet Union government adopted the economic policy of militarization of the national economy because of its erroneous estimation of the international situation. Heavy light industry caused serious imbalance of the industrial situation, and lead to economic development difficulties. In the face of these economic problems, the Yeltsin government adopted "shock therapy", rapidly shifting from a planned economy to a market economy, adopting an economic policy of accelerating the privatization of the national economy and fully opening up to the outside world. But the transition was largely unsuccessful, not only to alleviate the imbalance in heavy and light industry, but also to reduce high inflation and output. Putin's government pays attention to protecting the private economy while increasing the state's support for key industries and key fields, and actively creates a good environment for the development of the market economy. While Putin's period was still dominated by heavy industry and the trend towards energy and raw-material exports has not changed, the economy has been growing at a high rate, and poverty and unemployment levels have fallen. The Mayp era suffered from the global economic crisis, the economic growth rate fell, but high inflation rate also fell significantly. The government put forward "the development mode of social innovation" to replace the traditional energy type and modernization plan, attach importance to the role of science and technology in the adjustment of industrial structure, and use advanced technology to reform the traditional industry. Although the development direction of the Meip period is correct, its industrial structure and export structure energy, which is dominated by heavy industry, has not been improved. After introducing different economic policies in different stages of Russian government and their influence on industrial structure, this paper briefly analyzes the main factors affecting Russian industrial structure from the aspects of supply and demand. Based on the analysis of these factors, this paper puts forward the prediction of the main indicators of Russian social and economic development in 2020-2030, which determines that Russia should take an innovative development plan and is supported by data to prove it. Then, according to the influence factors of Russian industrial structure, this paper analyzes the obstacles and challenges of innovative development schemes, including economic system, high inflation rate, efficiency of scientific and technological transformation, population factors and international division of labor. Subsequently, the enlightenment of the Russian industrial structure to China (such as the industrial structure, the relationship between government enterprises and the market, etc.) was analyzed, although the readjustment of the Russian industrial structure and the development of the economy have found the right direction. However, there must be many obstacles and challenges in the process of development, which can be said to be full of difficulties and need to be explored in practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F151.2

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