【摘要】：2007年,中俄確立了戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系,兩國由地緣政治合作向地緣經(jīng)濟(jì)合作方向轉(zhuǎn)變。黑龍江省作為中國北方的邊境省份,與俄羅斯地理毗鄰,雙方擁有3045公里的共同邊界線,雙方的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作擁有得天獨(dú)厚的地緣優(yōu)勢和合作基礎(chǔ)。黑龍江省與俄羅斯多年來保持了良好的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作關(guān)系,雙方在勞務(wù)、貿(mào)易和投資等多領(lǐng)域的合作都取得了豐碩的成果。在黑龍江省“十二五”規(guī)劃實(shí)施和俄羅斯入世后,雙方的政策法規(guī)會(huì)有所變動(dòng),為進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)黑龍江省與俄羅斯的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作關(guān)系、擴(kuò)大對俄貿(mào)易規(guī)模和提高雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)合作水平,在國家沿邊開放的整體戰(zhàn)略下,黑龍江省應(yīng)充分利用自身的優(yōu)勢,根據(jù)黑俄雙方的政策調(diào)整,不斷完善對俄經(jīng)貿(mào)合作路徑,將黑龍江省打造成對俄經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的橋頭堡和樞紐站。 雖然近年來黑龍江省與俄羅斯經(jīng)貿(mào)合作發(fā)展迅速,雙方合作規(guī)模和領(lǐng)域都不斷擴(kuò)大,但是黑龍江省與俄羅斯的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作依然面臨著經(jīng)貿(mào)合作主體弱小、進(jìn)出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、對俄投資合作缺少大企業(yè)參與和大項(xiàng)目帶動(dòng)、雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)合作環(huán)境欠佳等問題。運(yùn)用變量回歸分析方法和貿(mào)易引力模型分析2000年至2012年黑俄經(jīng)貿(mào)合作情況,可以看出雙方貿(mào)易規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大對雙方經(jīng)濟(jì)增長都起到了促進(jìn)作用,未來雙方仍然具有較大的合作潛力和發(fā)展空間。目前,黑龍江省與俄羅斯的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作主要體現(xiàn)在勞務(wù)、貿(mào)易、投資、科技四個(gè)方面。在勞務(wù)方面,黑龍江省主要采取承包項(xiàng)目和勞務(wù)輸出的方式與俄羅斯進(jìn)行合作,但存在著項(xiàng)目完成后俄方不履約付款、勞務(wù)人員專業(yè)技術(shù)水平較低等問題,為進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)雙邊勞務(wù)合作,黑龍江省應(yīng)當(dāng)采取“獨(dú)立式”承包項(xiàng)目以減少俄方的阻礙和違約情況,建立勞務(wù)輸出人員培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu),提升勞務(wù)人員的專業(yè)技能。在貿(mào)易方面,邊境貿(mào)易是黑龍江省與俄羅斯貿(mào)易往來的主要方式,黑龍江省對俄貿(mào)易主要是進(jìn)口資源密集型產(chǎn)品并出口勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)品,這種單一的進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)從長期看將制約雙方的合作,為進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)雙邊貿(mào)易合作,黑龍江省可以建立生產(chǎn)加工基地,增加農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的附加值,延長資源產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條,提升雙邊貿(mào)易層次。在投資方面,黑龍江省對俄投資合作方式主要是建立合資企業(yè),投資領(lǐng)域集中在資源開發(fā)領(lǐng)域,而對俄投資企業(yè)大多為中小型民營企業(yè),資金規(guī)模有限,制約了投資合作層次的提升,為進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)雙邊投資合作,黑龍江省可以參與俄方的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),還可以以政府牽頭與俄方共同建立商業(yè)銀行,為雙邊投資企業(yè)提供金融服務(wù)。在科技方面,黑龍江省與俄羅斯的合作主要是建立對俄科技合作中心,從俄方引進(jìn)技術(shù)設(shè)備和人才等,為進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)雙邊科技合作,黑龍江省應(yīng)當(dāng)在引進(jìn)吸收俄方技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行自主創(chuàng)新,還可以創(chuàng)建對俄合作高科技園區(qū),提高雙邊的科研實(shí)力和科技合作層次,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In 2007, China and Russia established a strategic partnership, and the two countries changed from geopolitical cooperation to geo-economic cooperation. As a border province of northern China, Heilongjiang Province is adjacent to Russian geography. The two sides have a common boundary line of 3045 kilometers, and the economic and trade cooperation between the two sides has a unique geographical advantage and a foundation for cooperation. Heilongjiang Province and Russia have maintained good economic and trade cooperation for many years, and the two sides have achieved fruitful results in many fields, such as labor services, trade and investment. After the implementation of the 12th Five-Year Plan of Heilongjiang Province and Russia's accession to the WTO, the policies and regulations of both sides will be changed. In order to further strengthen the economic and trade cooperation between Heilongjiang Province and Russia, expand the scale of trade with Russia and raise the level of bilateral economic and trade cooperation, Under the overall strategy of opening up along the border, Heilongjiang Province should make full use of its own advantages, adjust the policies of the two sides, constantly improve the path of economic and trade cooperation with Russia, and build Heilongjiang Province into a bridgehead and hub station for economic and trade cooperation with Russia. Although the economic and trade cooperation between Heilongjiang Province and Russia has developed rapidly in recent years, and the scale and field of bilateral cooperation have been continuously expanded, the economic and trade cooperation between Heilongjiang Province and Russia is still facing a weak economic and trade cooperation, and the structure of import and export commodities is unreasonable. The investment cooperation with Russia lacks the participation of large enterprises and big projects, and the environment of bilateral economic and trade cooperation is poor. Using the method of variable regression analysis and the trade gravity model to analyze the economic and trade cooperation between 2000 and 2012, we can see that the expansion of bilateral trade scale has played a role in promoting the economic growth of both sides. In the future, the two sides still have greater potential for cooperation and room for development. At present, Heilongjiang Province and Russia's economic and trade cooperation mainly reflected in labor, trade, investment, science and technology four aspects. In terms of labor services, Heilongjiang Province mainly cooperates with Russia by contracting projects and exporting labor services. However, there are problems such as Russia's failure to pay after the completion of the project, the low level of professional and technical expertise of labor workers, and so on. In order to further strengthen the bilateral labor service cooperation, Heilongjiang Province should adopt "independent" contract project to reduce the hindrance and breach of contract on the Russian side, establish labor export personnel training organization, and enhance the professional skills of labor service personnel. In terms of trade, border trade is the main way of trade between Heilongjiang Province and Russia. Heilongjiang's trade with Russia mainly involves importing resource-intensive products and exporting labor-intensive products. This single import and export structure will restrict bilateral cooperation in the long run. In order to further strengthen bilateral trade cooperation, Heilongjiang Province can establish production and processing bases, increase the added value of agricultural products, and prolong the industrial chain of resources products. Raise the level of bilateral trade. In terms of investment, Heilongjiang Province's investment and cooperation with Russia is mainly through the establishment of joint ventures, where investment is concentrated in the field of resource development, while most of the investment enterprises in Russia are small and medium-sized private enterprises with limited capital. In order to further strengthen bilateral investment cooperation, Heilongjiang Province can participate in the infrastructure construction of the Russian side, and it can also take the lead by the government to jointly establish commercial banks with the Russian side. Provide financial services to bilateral investment enterprises. In the field of science and technology, the cooperation between Heilongjiang Province and Russia is mainly to establish a scientific and technological cooperation center for Russia, to import technical equipment and talents from Russia, etc., in order to further strengthen bilateral scientific and technological cooperation, Heilongjiang Province should carry out independent innovation on the basis of importing and absorbing Russian technology, and can also establish high-tech parks for cooperation with Russia, raise the scientific research strength and the level of scientific and technological cooperation between the two sides, and then promote the development of bilateral economic and trade cooperation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F125.5

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