發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-21 15:06

  本文選題：收入分配差距 + 城鄉(xiāng)居民　； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：居民收入差距不斷擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì),城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不合理擴(kuò)大的普遍存在和日趨嚴(yán)重,不僅直接影響了社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)效率的提高,進(jìn)而危及到了整個(gè)社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定,愈發(fā)成為社會(huì)關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問題。1992年,隨著貴陽(yáng)市行政區(qū)劃的調(diào)整“三縣一市”(息烽縣、修文縣、開陽(yáng)縣、清鎮(zhèn)市)并入管轄,貴陽(yáng)市農(nóng)村面積擴(kuò)大,農(nóng)業(yè)人口增多,大城市大農(nóng)村的城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)由此形成,城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距不斷擴(kuò)大,區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡問題開始日益顯著。西部?jī)?nèi)陸省會(huì)城市貴陽(yáng)出現(xiàn)的這種現(xiàn)象,具有我國(guó)很多地區(qū)特別是中西部省會(huì)城市的共有基本特點(diǎn),是全國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距擴(kuò)大的一個(gè)縮影。 本文旨在通過對(duì)中西部省會(huì)城市之一——貴陽(yáng)市,城市居民與農(nóng)村居民收入差距變化、體現(xiàn)的規(guī)律及影響作用因素等問題進(jìn)行研究,探索發(fā)現(xiàn)縮小城市居民與農(nóng)村居民收入差距的對(duì)策、統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展的措施、加快城鄉(xiāng)一體化進(jìn)程的途徑。不僅對(duì)貴陽(yáng)深入實(shí)施西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略,落實(shí)《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)貴州經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)又好又快發(fā)展的若干意見》即國(guó)發(fā)(2012〕2號(hào)文件,建設(shè)全國(guó)生態(tài)文明示范城市,構(gòu)建和諧生態(tài)的貴陽(yáng),在全省率先建成全面小康社會(huì)具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)意義,并能夠在西部地區(qū)乃至全國(guó)具有一定是示范引領(lǐng)帶動(dòng)的作用。 本文在對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)、國(guó)外經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)理論進(jìn)行了深刻研究思考的基礎(chǔ)上,以李嘉圖收入分配理論、卡爾多的模型、庫(kù)茲涅茨的倒U型理論、劉易斯的二元經(jīng)濟(jì)理論和馬克思對(duì)收入分配理論為基礎(chǔ),采取實(shí)證分析與比較分析相結(jié)合的研究方法,對(duì)改革開放以來(lái),特別是1992年行政區(qū)劃調(diào)整后,貴陽(yáng)市城鄉(xiāng)居民絕對(duì)收入差距擴(kuò)大十分明顯,城鄉(xiāng)居民基尼系數(shù)逐年上升進(jìn)行了研究。歸納了導(dǎo)致城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的自然、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)三個(gè)方面原因。自然方面的原因有：聚居方式、城鄉(xiāng)地理位置的區(qū)別與差異。經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的原因有：勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率、產(chǎn)業(yè)特性差異以及非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展后勁不足等;社會(huì)方面的原因有：人口因素、體制因素、政策因素等。分析了擴(kuò)大的收入差距帶來(lái)的消極影響,如使有效需求不足、難以有效啟動(dòng)農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)、導(dǎo)致國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的不良循環(huán)、影響社會(huì)心理等。提出了要通過正確處理效率與公平的關(guān)系；統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展,解決城鄉(xiāng)差距；消除體制性和制度性障礙,建立科學(xué)合理的收入分配體系；建立低收入群體的保護(hù)機(jī)制,完善社會(huì)保障體系等四個(gè)方面的對(duì)策措施,切實(shí)縮小城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距。 研究表明,貴陽(yáng)市城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距顯著,且存在進(jìn)一步拉大的趨勢(shì)。為此,必須在認(rèn)真分析導(dǎo)致我市居民收入差距擴(kuò)大的自然、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)方面原因基礎(chǔ)上。以全面、長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的可持續(xù)生態(tài)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略為思路,以城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展為指導(dǎo),實(shí)施積極促進(jìn)的發(fā)展政策,采取切實(shí)有效的推進(jìn)措施,通過破解城鄉(xiāng)二元體制,突破制約貴陽(yáng)市城鄉(xiāng)居民生活水平不斷提高,收入差距日益縮小的瓶頸。
[Abstract]:The increasing income gap between urban and rural residents is not only directly affecting the improvement of social and economic efficiency, but also endangering the stability of the whole society. In 1992, with the adjustment of the administrative divisions of Guiyang City, "three counties and one city" (Xifeng County, Xiuwen County, Kaiyang County, Qingzhen City) merged into the jurisdiction, the rural area of Guiyang City expanded and the agricultural population increased. As a result, the urban-rural dual structure of large cities and rural areas is formed, the income gap between urban and rural residents is widening, and the imbalance of regional development is becoming increasingly prominent. This phenomenon in Guiyang, the inland capital city of western China, is a microcosm of the widening income gap between urban and rural residents in China, which has the common basic characteristics of many regions in China, especially the provincial capital cities in the central and western regions. The purpose of this paper is to study the changes of income gap between urban and rural residents in Guiyang City, one of the provincial capitals in the central and western regions, the laws of income gap and the influencing factors, etc. This paper explores the countermeasures to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents, the measures to coordinate the development of urban and rural areas, and the ways to accelerate the process of urban-rural integration. Not only will Guiyang carry out the strategy of developing the western region in depth, but also implement the "opinions on how to further promote the sound and rapid development of Guizhou's economy and society" document No. 2, that is, Guofafa (2012), to build a national model city of ecological civilization. The construction of the harmonious ecology in Guiyang, the first to build an overall well-off society in the province has important practical significance, and can play a leading role in the western region and even in the whole country. On the basis of deep research on the economic and social theories at home and abroad, this paper uses Ricardo's income distribution theory, Caldo's model, Kuznets' inverted U type theory, On the basis of Lewis' dual economic theory and Marx's theory of income distribution, this paper adopts the research method of combining empirical analysis with comparative analysis. After the reform and opening up to the outside world, especially after the adjustment of administrative divisions in 1992, The gap of absolute income between urban and rural residents in Guiyang is very obvious, and the Gini coefficient of urban and rural residents is increasing year by year. The natural, economic and social reasons leading to the income gap between urban and rural residents are summarized. Natural reasons are: settlement, urban and rural geographical location differences and differences. The economic reasons are labor productivity, industrial characteristics difference and lack of stamina in the development of non-agricultural industries, and social reasons include population factors, institutional factors, policy factors and so on. This paper analyzes the negative effects of the widening income gap, such as insufficient effective demand, difficulty in effectively starting the rural market, bad circulation of national economy, and influence of social psychology, and so on. We should deal with the relationship between efficiency and equity correctly, coordinate urban and rural development, solve the gap between urban and rural areas, eliminate institutional and institutional obstacles, establish a scientific and reasonable income distribution system, and establish a protection mechanism for low-income groups. Improve the social security system and other four aspects of countermeasures and measures to effectively narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents. The study shows that the income gap between urban and rural residents in Guiyang City is significant, and there is a trend of further widening. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the natural, social and economic reasons that lead to the widening of income gap among residents in our city. Taking the comprehensive and long-term sustainable ecological development strategy as the train of thought, taking the overall and coordinated development of urban and rural areas as the guidance, implementing the development policy actively promoted, taking practical and effective measures to promote it, and by cracking down on the urban-rural dual system, Breaking through the bottleneck that restricts the improvement of living standard and narrowing of income gap between urban and rural residents in Guiyang.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7

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