本文選題：官方發(fā)展援助政策 + 援助有效性��； 參考：《華東理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：歐盟自上個(gè)世紀(jì)50年代以來(lái)一直致力于通過(guò)對(duì)外發(fā)展援助政策來(lái)擴(kuò)大自身在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治舞臺(tái)上的地位。目前,歐盟及其成員國(guó)是最大的官方發(fā)展援助提供方,根據(jù)歐盟自身的統(tǒng)計(jì),其提供的援助占全球一半以上①。歐盟對(duì)外援助發(fā)展至今,其援助政策經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展和革新的過(guò)程,那么這是怎樣的歷史演變?歷史悠久的歐盟對(duì)外援助,其有效性到底如何?受援國(guó)在接受援助后,其效果又反映在哪些方面? 本文試圖對(duì)歐盟官方發(fā)展援助政策的演變進(jìn)行整體的分析,通過(guò)厘清歐盟對(duì)外援助政策的演變、現(xiàn)狀,以揭示其對(duì)外援助政策的實(shí)質(zhì),得出,冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,歐盟擴(kuò)大了其對(duì)外援助的廣泛性,重點(diǎn)援助領(lǐng)域也順應(yīng)國(guó)際形勢(shì)和自身政治發(fā)展的目標(biāo),轉(zhuǎn)向援助受援國(guó)的民主、體制和環(huán)保等領(lǐng)域。同時(shí)其援助的政治條件性明顯化,援助意識(shí)形態(tài)濃烈,援助數(shù)量取決于受援國(guó)的“表現(xiàn)”,相應(yīng)地,其援助的形式也不僅僅局限在經(jīng)濟(jì)援助,加大了人道主義援助、軍事援助等。由此可以窺見(jiàn)其援助的根本在于加強(qiáng)與發(fā)展中國(guó)家合作的同時(shí),追求最大化滿足自身利益,尤其是政治利益的需求,加強(qiáng)歐盟作為一個(gè)共同體對(duì)外的國(guó)際影響力。 同時(shí)從援助國(guó)和受援國(guó)兩個(gè)視角,分別采用援助的鉆石模型和結(jié)果導(dǎo)向型分析法,綜合全面地研究其援助政策的有效性。從援助國(guó)角度分析,本文采用ODA/GNI、贈(zèng)與指數(shù)、雙邊ODA占比和非束縛性比率這四個(gè)指標(biāo),綜合反映援助質(zhì)量及變化趨勢(shì),相比2010年,2011年歐盟對(duì)外援助質(zhì)量有惡化趨勢(shì),同年相比DAC國(guó)家,歐盟援助質(zhì)量也處于劣勢(shì)地位；從受援國(guó)角度分析,歐盟官方發(fā)展援助的有效性具有局限性和不徹底性。因此綜合而言,歐盟對(duì)外援助有一定的成效,同時(shí)存在很大的提升空間。最后本文提出歐盟在實(shí)施其對(duì)外援助時(shí)面臨的問(wèn)題和幾點(diǎn)建議,旨在促進(jìn)對(duì)外援助理論研究,提高對(duì)外援助的透明度,最終為我國(guó)建立健全對(duì)外援助體系提供參考。
[Abstract]:Since the 1950s, the European Union has been committed to expanding its position in the world economic and political arena through its foreign development assistance policy. Currently, the EU and its member states are the largest providers of official development assistance (ODA), accounting for more than half of the global total, according to the EU's own statistics. Since the development of EU foreign aid, its aid policy has gone through a process of emergence, development and innovation, so what kind of historical evolution is this? What is the effectiveness of EU foreign aid with a long history? What are the areas in which the recipient country receives assistance that is reflected in its effectiveness? This paper attempts to analyze the evolution of the EU's ODA policy as a whole, by clarifying the evolution and current situation of the EU's foreign aid policy, in order to reveal the essence of its foreign aid policy, and draw a conclusion that, after the end of the Cold War, The EU has expanded the breadth of its foreign aid, and the key areas of aid are in line with the international situation and its own goal of political development, turning to aid to the recipient countries in the fields of democracy, institutional and environmental protection, and so on. At the same time, the political conditionality of its aid is evident, the aid ideology is strong, and the amount of aid depends on the "performance" of the recipient country. Accordingly, the form of its aid is not limited to economic aid, and humanitarian aid is increased. Military aid, etc From this, we can see that the fundamental of its assistance lies in strengthening cooperation with developing countries, while pursuing to meet the needs of its own interests, especially its political interests, and strengthening the international influence of the EU as a community. At the same time, from the perspective of donor and recipient, the diamond model and result-oriented analysis are used to study the effectiveness of aid policy. From the donor point of view, this paper uses ODA-GNI, grant index, bilateral ODA ratio and unfettered ratio to reflect the aid quality and its changing trend. Compared with 2010, the quality of EU foreign aid has a tendency to deteriorate. In the same year, compared with DAC countries, the quality of EU aid was also at a disadvantage; from the perspective of recipient countries, the effectiveness of EU ODA was limited and incomplete. Therefore, overall speaking, EU foreign aid has certain results, at the same time there is a lot of room for improvement. Finally, this paper puts forward some problems and some suggestions in the implementation of EU's foreign aid, aiming at promoting the theoretical research of foreign aid, enhancing the transparency of foreign aid, and finally providing reference for our country to establish and perfect the foreign aid system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F114.46;F746

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