本文選題：老撾 + 經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)制　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：老撾人民民主共和國(guó)(以下簡(jiǎn)稱老撾)是一個(gè)內(nèi)陸國(guó)家,地處中南半島,南鄰柬埔寨,北接中國(guó),東處越南邊境,西北毗連緬甸,西南連接泰國(guó)。老撾在1975年12月2日獲得獨(dú)立之后,老黨及中央政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展尤為重視。但基于歷史原因,老撾被視為東南亞最貧窮的國(guó)家之一,這是由于老撾長(zhǎng)期遭受外國(guó)殖民主義的迫害和長(zhǎng)年累月的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),老黨及政府帶領(lǐng)人民群眾實(shí)施了閉關(guān)鎖國(guó)的外交方針政策,因?yàn)槔宵h在面臨薄弱的國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)時(shí),為了國(guó)家的獨(dú)立自主和對(duì)國(guó)家主權(quán)的保護(hù),避免國(guó)外資本對(duì)本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)行控制所采取的策略。 1986年,老撾人民革命黨召開了第四次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)。老撾黨在重新審視在社會(huì)主義改造及建設(shè)方面的不足前提下,制定了主要目標(biāo)以為解決老撾國(guó)內(nèi)問題及外部困擾,這就是尋求到了一條符合老撾基本國(guó)情的發(fā)展道路,提出經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的大項(xiàng)目稱為“經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)制革新”確定了革新開放的方針和目標(biāo),同時(shí)要調(diào)整和改善經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)制管理方式,進(jìn)行計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)向社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的政策。 老撾北接中國(guó),同中國(guó)有著“山連山,水連水”的歷史情誼。在選擇歷史道路上,老撾也堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義道路。老撾在堅(jiān)持了本國(guó)特點(diǎn)并加以創(chuàng)新的基礎(chǔ)上,仿照中國(guó)改革經(jīng)驗(yàn),為經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)制革新的成功采取了一籃子的革新舉措,將農(nóng)業(yè)革新作為經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)制革新的突破口,將工業(yè)革新作為經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)制革新的主要帶動(dòng)力,將外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)視為經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)制革新的風(fēng)向標(biāo),目標(biāo)是要達(dá)到社會(huì)主義定向的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)作,一系列舉措將老撾提升為經(jīng)濟(jì)市場(chǎng)活躍及穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的國(guó)家。老撾所取得的經(jīng)濟(jì)成就足以說明老撾的經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)制革新是成功的,能夠突破以往落后封鎖的狀態(tài),取得驕人的成績(jī),堅(jiān)持經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)道路是老黨和人民的正確抉擇。不足之處是老撾在這次經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)制革新中暴露出城鄉(xiāng)貧富存在巨大差距、發(fā)展不平衡的地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)等諸如此類的問題。概而論之,從上世紀(jì)八十年代至今,老撾在經(jīng)濟(jì)制度革新中盡管存在不足之處,但取得的成績(jī)是可觀的。 從系統(tǒng)分析的研究方面深入,老撾在經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)制革新方面的歷史進(jìn)程、動(dòng)因、主要特點(diǎn)和在革新開放中經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀,充分汲取老撾在經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)制革新中的教訓(xùn)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),借鑒其成功之處,目的是深化對(duì)老撾的經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)制革新的認(rèn)識(shí),加快老撾經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)制革新的步伐和推動(dòng)老撾經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展。爭(zhēng)取到2020年前擺脫不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的行列奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ),繼續(xù)向社會(huì)主義的目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:The Lao people's Democratic Republic (hereinafter referred to as Laos) is a landlocked country located in the Indochina Peninsula, south of Cambodia, north of China, east of Vietnam, northwest of Myanmar, southwest of Thailand. After Laos gained independence on December 2, 1975, the old party and central government attached great importance to economic development. But for historical reasons, Laos is regarded as one of the poorest countries in Southeast Asia because of its long history of foreign colonialism and years of war. The old party and the government led the people to implement the foreign policy of closing the door to the outside world. This is because the old party, in the face of weak domestic economic and social conditions, for the sake of the independence of the country and the protection of its sovereignty, Strategies to avoid foreign capital control of the country's economy. In 1986, the Lao people's Revolutionary Party held its fourth National Congress. On the premise of re-examining the deficiencies in socialist transformation and construction, the Lao Party has formulated the main goal of solving Laos's domestic problems and external troubles, which is to seek a development road that conforms to the basic conditions of Laos. The major item of economic reform is called "reform of economic mechanism", which determines the policy and goal of innovation and opening up, and at the same time, it is necessary to adjust and improve the management mode of economic mechanism and carry out the policy of changing planned economy to socialist market economy. Laos meets China to the north, and has a historical friendship of "linking mountains, water and water" with China. In choosing the historical road, Laos also adheres to the socialist road. On the basis of persisting in its own characteristics and innovating, Laos has adopted a basket of innovative measures for the success of the reform of the economic mechanism, imitating the experience of China's reform, and taking agricultural innovation as a breakthrough in the innovation of the economic mechanism. To regard industrial innovation as the main driving force for the reform of the economic mechanism, and to regard the export-oriented economy as a vane for the reform of the economic mechanism, with the aim of achieving a socialist oriented market economy. A series of measures have upgraded Laos into a country with dynamic and stable economic growth. The economic achievements made by Laos can prove that Laos's economic mechanism reform is successful, and it is the correct choice of the old party and the people to break through the backward blockade in the past, to make proud achievements, and to stick to the road of economic construction. The drawback is that Laos has exposed such problems as the huge gap between urban and rural rich and poor, unbalanced regional economy and so on. To sum up, Laos has made considerable achievements in economic reform since the 1980 s, despite its shortcomings. From the perspective of systematic analysis, Lao PDR's historical process, motivation, main characteristics and current situation of economic and social development in the reform and opening up of the country have fully learned the lessons and experiences of Laos in the reform of the economic mechanism. The purpose of this paper is to deepen the understanding of Lao economic mechanism innovation, accelerate the pace of Lao economic mechanism innovation and promote the rapid development of Lao economy. Strive to leave the ranks of underdeveloped countries by 2020 to lay a solid foundation, continue to move towards the goal of socialism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F133.4

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