發(fā)布時間：2018-06-02 20:47

  本文選題：氣候變化談判 + 出口導向　； 參考：《中國海洋大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：氣候變化是國際社會普遍關(guān)注的全球性問題。各國攜手控制溫室氣體排放、應(yīng)對氣候變化，共同推進綠色、低碳發(fā)展已成為當今世界的主流。氣候變化談判走過20年的歷程，應(yīng)對全球氣候變化，出臺各項協(xié)定和對策,對各國減少二氧化碳排放和產(chǎn)品含碳量的要求越來越強烈。山東省作為中國東部出口大省，外貿(mào)發(fā)展迅速，成為出口導向型經(jīng)濟的典型代表。然而山東省在發(fā)展出口導向型產(chǎn)業(yè)的過程中也暴露出諸多問題，限制著山東省出口產(chǎn)業(yè)的持續(xù)有效發(fā)展。 本文對氣候變化談判的現(xiàn)狀和影響氣候變化談判走向的因素進行分析，在此基礎(chǔ)上預測未來氣候變化談判的走勢：氣候變化談判將繼續(xù)進行，而且對減排的限制會隨著氣候變暖越來越嚴苛。反映在出口導向型產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展上，氣候變化談判將會對出口導向型產(chǎn)業(yè)在“碳減排”、“碳稅”以及“碳關(guān)稅”貿(mào)易壁壘等方面提出重重挑戰(zhàn)，但目前山東省出口導向型產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不平衡，無論是出口產(chǎn)品種類還是出口主要地區(qū)都出現(xiàn)失衡嚴重的情況。而且存在諸如問題，極大遏制山東省出口導向型產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。同時經(jīng)過對山東省出口貿(mào)易量和碳排放量的計量測算，發(fā)現(xiàn)山東省的出口貿(mào)易與碳排放之間存在著長期均衡關(guān)系，出口貿(mào)易量是碳排放的影響因子，而且出口貿(mào)易量對碳排放影響的效應(yīng)為正，出口貿(mào)易的繼續(xù)擴大會對增加山東省二氧化碳排放量起到推動作用。山東省作為出口貿(mào)易大省，出口貿(mào)易額逐年增加，導致的結(jié)果是碳排放的進一步提高，碳排放量的提高加上減排壓力又對山東省的出口貿(mào)易發(fā)展提出嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)，形成惡性循環(huán)。 山東省出口導向型產(chǎn)業(yè)亟需抓住機遇，，應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)，積極有效調(diào)整出口導向型產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)。通過對山東省出口導向型產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的SWOT分析，對各個因素進行有效闡述，結(jié)合產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級理論對山東省出口導向型產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整提出針對性建議。山東省可以從產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)合理化和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)高級化出發(fā)，加上輔助性的支持措施，完善出口導向型產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。具體來說可以從控制高碳產(chǎn)業(yè)的過快增長，大力扶持低碳新興產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，推進貿(mào)易市場的多元化；加快出口導向型產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級步伐，加強低碳技術(shù)的研發(fā)和利用、降低產(chǎn)業(yè)中間鏈碳排放，提升低碳出口商品品牌與質(zhì)量，根據(jù)產(chǎn)品能耗量和碳排放量、采取不同的對策和措施，積極使用可再生能源、調(diào)整能源使用結(jié)構(gòu)，完善法律制度、建設(shè)低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的法律體系等方面開展切實有效的措施，實現(xiàn)出口導向型產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，保證山東省出口貿(mào)易的健康持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Climate change is a global issue of universal concern to the international community. Countries join hands to control greenhouse gas emissions, deal with climate change, jointly promote green, low-carbon development has become the mainstream of the world. Climate change negotiations have taken over 20 years to deal with global climate change and to issue agreements and measures that demand countries to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and carbon content in their products. As a large export province in eastern China, Shandong Province has developed rapidly and become a typical representative of export-oriented economy. However, many problems have been exposed in the process of developing export-oriented industry in Shandong Province, which limits the sustainable and effective development of export industry in Shandong Province. Based on the analysis of the current situation of climate change negotiations and the factors affecting the trend of climate change negotiations, this paper predicts the future trend of climate change negotiations: the climate change negotiations will continue. And restrictions on reducing emissions will get tougher as the climate warms. Reflecting the development of export-oriented industries, the climate change negotiations will challenge export-oriented industries in terms of "carbon reduction", "carbon tax" and "carbon tariff" trade barriers. However, the export-oriented industrial structure of Shandong Province is not balanced at present, whether it is the type of export products or the main export regions, there is a serious imbalance. And there are such problems, greatly curb the development of Shandong export-oriented industry. At the same time, through the measurement of export trade volume and carbon emissions of Shandong Province, it is found that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between export trade and carbon emissions in Shandong Province, and export trade volume is the influencing factor of carbon emissions. Moreover, the effect of export trade on carbon emissions is positive, and the further expansion of export trade will promote the increase of carbon dioxide emissions in Shandong Province. As a large province of export trade, the export trade volume of Shandong Province increases year by year, which results in the further increase of carbon emissions, and the increase of carbon emissions and the pressure of emission reduction pose a severe challenge to the development of export trade of Shandong Province, and form a vicious circle. Shandong export-oriented industry needs to seize the opportunity, meet the challenge and adjust the structure of export-oriented industry actively and effectively. Based on the SWOT analysis of the readjustment of the export-oriented industrial structure of Shandong Province, this paper expounds each factor effectively, and puts forward some suggestions on the adjustment of the export-oriented industrial structure of Shandong Province in combination with the theory of optimizing and upgrading the industrial structure. Shandong Province can perfect the readjustment of export-oriented production structure from the rationalization of industrial structure and the upgrading of industrial structure, plus the supporting measures. Specifically, we can control the excessive growth of high-carbon industries, vigorously support the development of low-carbon emerging industries, promote the diversification of trade markets, accelerate the pace of optimizing and upgrading the export-oriented industrial structure, and strengthen the research and development and utilization of low-carbon technologies. Reduce the carbon emission of industry intermediate chain, improve the brand and quality of low carbon export commodity, adopt different countermeasures and measures according to energy consumption and carbon emission, actively use renewable energy, adjust the structure of energy use, and perfect the legal system. In order to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of export trade in Shandong Province, we should carry out practical and effective measures to realize the readjustment of export-oriented industrial structure in the construction of legal system for the development of low-carbon industries.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F127;P467;X32

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本文編號：1970135