本文選題：碳關(guān)稅 + 低碳經(jīng)濟��； 參考：《中共中央黨�！�2014年博士論文

【摘要】：化石能源的利用對于促進全球經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與人類社會進步起到了至關(guān)重要的作用，然而，燃燒化石能源所產(chǎn)生的無限度二氧化碳排放也導致全球氣候逐漸升溫。一些受氣候變化影響較大的西方發(fā)達國家開始主動在國內(nèi)發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟，與此同時，也在國際上通過多邊氣候談判極力推動更多國家接受強制碳減排的約束條件。但是，由于率先進行減排的國家在本國競爭力損失以及碳泄漏問題上存在顧慮，國際氣候談判向前推進得異常艱難。碳關(guān)稅作為試圖逼迫在談判中不合作的國家接受碳減排的貿(mào)易手段，其出現(xiàn)推動了該進程，但是，也使得氣候變化問題開始與國際貿(mào)易問題相交織。從開始的反對到在環(huán)境與能源的相關(guān)法案中富有戲劇性的采納，美國對于碳關(guān)稅的態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變標志著其在重新考量碳關(guān)稅的戰(zhàn)略價值。碳關(guān)稅不僅可以將發(fā)展中大國一同納入強制碳減排行列以遏制其發(fā)展，也可以改變傳統(tǒng)的國際貿(mào)易比較優(yōu)勢，幫助西方發(fā)達國家在國際經(jīng)貿(mào)領(lǐng)域形成新的低碳競爭力。越來越多的西方發(fā)達國家看到了碳關(guān)稅所產(chǎn)生的國際碳博弈效果，積極培育低碳競爭力，試圖憑借在全球低碳經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域的主導權(quán)，來獲得經(jīng)濟和政治上的最大國家利益。 雖然中國在外交上的確應(yīng)該極力譴責發(fā)達國家自工業(yè)化以來高碳化行為造成的氣候環(huán)境變化惡果和碳關(guān)稅的貿(mào)易保護主義行徑，但并不意味著中國就能始終以碳關(guān)稅不合理或不合法為由去輕視國際碳減排問題以及本國的低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。隨著中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展以及工業(yè)化與城鎮(zhèn)化的快速推進，中國的二氧化碳排放量也在高速增長。無論是國際減排壓力，還是國內(nèi)環(huán)境與資源的容納程度，中國的低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展都已到了勢在必行的地步，而且在氣候變化問題全球化的今天也已不能脫離國際大環(huán)境而存在。因此，重視碳關(guān)稅并且有效地針對碳關(guān)稅才能使中國的低碳經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型獲得更多的時間和空間，而在爭取的有限時間內(nèi)更加有所作為則是中國低碳經(jīng)濟獲得未來競爭力的必然選擇。 本文以中國低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展為研究對象，以碳關(guān)稅問題為切入點，采用歷史研究法梳理了碳關(guān)稅的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展，采用歸納與演繹相結(jié)合的方法分析了碳關(guān)稅等碳概念間的邏輯關(guān)系以及從碳關(guān)稅的理論架構(gòu)中得出碳關(guān)稅的兩種理論機制——碳博弈機制和碳減排倒逼機制，采用比較分析法對于不同西方發(fā)達國家的低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式以及中國的低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展實踐進行了比較分析，采用定性與定量相結(jié)合的模型分析法得出了中國未來低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的最優(yōu)模式，以及采用規(guī)范分析法構(gòu)建了中國低碳經(jīng)濟動態(tài)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的對策體系。通過這些研究方法的使用，論文希望能夠以碳關(guān)稅的視角為中國低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展提供更為全面而系統(tǒng)化的建設(shè)思路。 本文共分八章。第一章為緒論，引出了具有關(guān)聯(lián)性的國際碳關(guān)稅與中國低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展問題，分別對碳關(guān)稅和低碳經(jīng)濟進行了文獻綜述，在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了論文的研究目的、意義、思路、方法、創(chuàng)新點與不足；第二章為碳關(guān)稅的產(chǎn)生背景、提出與進展，介紹了氣候變化、國際氣候談判以及碳關(guān)稅被提出的相關(guān)情況，對碳關(guān)稅的最新進展進行了跟進分析，以期為三、四兩章的的深入研究提供清晰思路；第三章為碳概念間的邏輯關(guān)系，在對碳關(guān)稅名稱、含義、征收方式和貿(mào)易福利效應(yīng)等方面進行全面剖析的基礎(chǔ)上，將與碳關(guān)稅相關(guān)的碳概念以減排、金融、消費等不同視角加以區(qū)分，說明了碳關(guān)稅與這些碳概念間的邏輯關(guān)系；第四章為碳關(guān)稅的理論機制，闡述了碳關(guān)稅的經(jīng)濟理論基礎(chǔ)和合法性的國際法架構(gòu)，在此理論框架內(nèi)，構(gòu)建了兩種碳關(guān)稅的理論機制——正在推進的碳博弈機制和已經(jīng)存在的碳減排倒逼機制；第五章為碳博弈機制下的西方發(fā)達國家低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展實踐，明晰了碳博弈機制下的碳關(guān)稅與西方低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式之間所存在的辯證關(guān)系，選取了在低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展上走在前列且具有鮮明特色的英國、美國和日本這三個國家進行低碳發(fā)展模式的分析；第六章為碳減排倒逼機制下的中國低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展實踐，以碳關(guān)稅壓力出現(xiàn)前后的時間為線索闡述了中國低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展理念的變化、所采取的以行政命令式節(jié)能減排為主的政策體系以及中國目前正在不同程度推進的西方低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的市場措施，并對其減排效果進行了評價；第七章為中國低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的決策分析，采用層次分析法，，通過構(gòu)建中國低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的決策模型，對政府管制手段的行政命令式節(jié)能減排和發(fā)揮市場調(diào)節(jié)機制的碳稅或碳交易等碳減排措施進行了定性與定量相結(jié)合的決策分析；第八章為中國低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的對策體系構(gòu)建，將第七章實證得到的以碳稅為主體的決策結(jié)果，連同第二至五章所闡述的低碳經(jīng)濟不能忽視碳關(guān)稅，以及第六章所揭示的中國微觀企業(yè)低碳發(fā)展動力問題，共同作為本章政策體系構(gòu)建的原則，并在這三個原則的指導下，分別從前期準備、碳稅方案的實施、碳交易的協(xié)同發(fā)展、政府低碳管制措施的轉(zhuǎn)變以及外交應(yīng)對措施等五個方面按照碳稅的實施進程給出了系統(tǒng)化和動態(tài)化的中國低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展對策體系，以期有助于中國能夠在復雜的國內(nèi)外局勢下有效地推動低碳經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The use of fossil energy has played a vital role in promoting global economic development and human social progress . However , there is a gradual rise in global climate due to the lack of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels .

China ' s low - carbon economy has grown at a high rate . China ' s low - carbon economic development has reached an imperative level , and China ' s low - carbon economy has become a necessary choice for China ' s low - carbon economy to get more time and space .

Based on the development of China ' s low - carbon economy as the research object , this paper analyzes the production and development of carbon tariffs by using the historical research method , analyzes the logic relation between carbon tariffs and other carbon concepts by means of combination of induction and deduction , and makes a comparative analysis on the low - carbon economic development model of China ' s low - carbon economy and the practice of low - carbon economy development in China . By the use of these methods , the paper hopes to provide a more comprehensive and systematic approach to the development of China ' s low - carbon economy by using standard analysis .

In the first chapter , the author gives an overview of carbon tariff and low - carbon economy , and puts forward the research purpose , significance , thinking , method , innovation point and deficiency of the paper .
The second chapter introduces the background of carbon tariffs , advances and progresses , introduces the relevant information about climate change , international climate negotiations and carbon tariffs , and makes a follow - up analysis on the latest development of carbon tariffs , with a view to providing clear thinking for further study of the three and four chapters ;
In chapter 3 , the logical relation between carbon concept and carbon tariff is analyzed on the basis of comprehensive analysis on carbon tariff name , meaning , collection way and trade welfare effect . The carbon concept related to carbon tariff is distinguished from different perspectives such as emission reduction , finance and consumption , and the logical relationship between carbon tariff and these carbon concepts is explained .
The fourth chapter is the theoretical mechanism of carbon tariff , expounds the international law framework of the economic theory basis and legitimacy of the carbon tariff , in which the theory mechanism of the two carbon tariffs is constructed , the carbon game mechanism being advanced and the existing carbon emission reduction mechanism are built ;
The fifth chapter is the practice of low carbon economy development in the western developed countries under the carbon game mechanism . The dialectical relationship between the carbon tariff and the western low - carbon economic development model under the carbon game mechanism is clarified , and the analysis of the low - carbon development mode is selected in the three countries of the UK , the United States and Japan , which are in the forefront of the low - carbon economy development and have distinctive characteristics .
In chapter 6 , China ' s low - carbon economic development practice under the mechanism of carbon emission reduction is discussed . The change of low - carbon economic development concept in China is expatiated by the time before and after the occurrence of carbon tariff pressure , the policy system based on administrative imperative energy saving and emission reduction as well as the market measures of low - carbon economic development in China , which are being advanced in different degrees , are put forward , and the emission reduction effect is evaluated ;
Chapter 7 is the decision - making analysis of China ' s low - carbon economic development . By using the analytic hierarchy process , the decision - making analysis of the qualitative and quantitative combination of the administrative imperative energy - saving emission reduction and the carbon tax or carbon trading of the market - regulating mechanism is carried out by means of the decision - making model of low - carbon economy development in China .
Chapter 8 builds the countermeasure system of China ' s low - carbon economy development , and uses the carbon tax as the main body ' s decision result , along with the low - carbon economy of the second to fifth chapters , which can not ignore the carbon tariff , and the sixth chapter the low - carbon development power problem of China ' s micro - enterprise , together as the policy system construction principle of this chapter , and in the guidance of these three principles , it gives the systematic and dynamic China low - carbon economic development countermeasure system according to the implementation of the carbon tax in five aspects , such as the preliminary preparation , the implementation of the carbon tax scheme , the cooperation development of the carbon trade , the transformation of the government low - carbon control measures and the diplomatic response measures , etc . , in order to help China to effectively promote the low - carbon economic development under the complicated domestic and foreign situations .

【學位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F124.5;F745

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