本文選題：公平貿(mào)易 + 貧困　； 參考：《對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：殖民時(shí)代以來,全世界貧富差距的問題一直存在。雖然之后出現(xiàn)了ODA和FDI等試圖改變現(xiàn)狀的援助辦法,但這些辦法早已喪失了其本義,甚至淪為富國(guó)籠絡(luò)貧國(guó)的辦法。公平貿(mào)易(Fair trade)是解決國(guó)際貿(mào)易中不公平現(xiàn)象的一種新手段,它不存在于國(guó)家政府之間、而只是存在于生產(chǎn)者和消費(fèi)者之間,所以它又被稱作替代貿(mào)易(Alternative trade)。本研究以公平貿(mào)易在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的成果(進(jìn)出口額)為基礎(chǔ),進(jìn)而研究公平貿(mào)易的有效性和它的購(gòu)買條件。首先,闡述自由貿(mào)易與貧困之間的關(guān)系,闡釋貧困問題的同時(shí),著重于闡述為何否定目前的援助辦法(ODA和FDI);其次,介紹公平貿(mào)易的含義,闡釋公平貿(mào)易是解決貧困問題的辦法之一。在第4章會(huì)敘述公平貿(mào)易的運(yùn)行機(jī)制、資金籌備、認(rèn)證制度等問題;然后,以經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)視角看待公平貿(mào)易,目前沒有學(xué)者通過經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的理論來解釋公平貿(mào)易,本文將在第5章運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論來著重分析公平貿(mào)易,如公平貿(mào)易的市場(chǎng)作用、外部性等,表明公平貿(mào)易在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的定位—公平貿(mào)易與目前的自由貿(mào)易不同,其獨(dú)特性體現(xiàn)在在消費(fèi)者的購(gòu)買行為中,倫理消費(fèi)(Ethical consumption)的因素會(huì)起到很重要的作用,這與行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中“利他主義(Altruism)”的思想相符合,同時(shí),通過提供信息等方式勸誘消費(fèi)者進(jìn)行倫理消費(fèi)又與“自由家長(zhǎng)主義(Libertarian paternalism)”的思想相吻合;最后,進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析—通過面板數(shù)據(jù)來分析公平貿(mào)易的有效性與其購(gòu)買條件(倫理消費(fèi)),通過分析部分國(guó)家公平貿(mào)易的進(jìn)出口量與某些經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)可以得出如下結(jié)果:公平貿(mào)易有利于提高本國(guó)人民的生活水平,而在改善貧困水平方面,吸納外國(guó)的直接投資、接受官方發(fā)展援助等方式從某種程度而言對(duì)這些發(fā)展中國(guó)家并沒有顯著作用,甚至有一定可能性會(huì)加劇貧困;對(duì)于作為公平貿(mào)易進(jìn)口方的部分發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家而言,本國(guó)的犯罪水平以及本國(guó)政府對(duì)教育的重視程度均與本國(guó)在公平貿(mào)易中的進(jìn)口額之間存在顯著的聯(lián)系,即公平貿(mào)易進(jìn)口國(guó)的犯罪率越低、教育投資比率越高,購(gòu)買公平貿(mào)易產(chǎn)品的比重越高。
[Abstract]:Since the colonial era, the gap between the rich and the poor in the world has been a problem. Although aid methods such as ODA and FDI have since emerged, they have long lost their original meaning and even become rich countries' ways to win over the poor. Fair trade (Fair trade) is a new method to solve the unfair phenomenon in international trade. It does not exist between national governments, but between producers and consumers, so it is also called alternative trade. This study is based on the results of fair trade in international trade (import and export), and then studies the effectiveness of fair trade and its purchase conditions. First, to elaborate the relationship between free trade and poverty, and to explain the problem of poverty, while focusing on why ODA and FDI are negating the current aid package; secondly, to introduce the meaning of fair trade. Explaining fair trade is one of the solutions to poverty. In Chapter 4, we will describe the operating mechanism of fair trade, capital preparation, certification system and so on. Then, we will look at fair trade from the perspective of economics. At present, no scholars explain fair trade through the theory of economics. In chapter 5, we will use economic theory to analyze fair trade, such as fair trade's market function, externality, etc. It shows that fair trade is different from free trade in economics. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that ethical consumption plays an important role in consumer purchasing behavior, which is consistent with the idea of "altruism" in behavioral economics. Persuading consumers to engage in ethical consumption by providing information is consistent with the idea of "liberal paternalism". Empirical analysis-the validity of fair trade and its purchasing conditions are analyzed through panel data. By analyzing the import and export volume of fair trade and some economic indicators of some countries, the following results can be obtained: The level of trade is conducive to the improvement of the living standards of their people, In terms of improving poverty levels, attracting foreign direct investment and receiving official development assistance to some extent do not have a significant impact on these developing countries, and there is even a possibility that poverty will increase; For some developed countries that are importers of fair trade, there is a significant link between the level of crime in their countries and the importance that their governments attach to education, and the amount of their imports in fair trade, That is, the lower the crime rate in fair trade importing countries, the higher the ratio of investment in education and the higher the proportion of fair trade products.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F746;F113.9

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