本文選題：中澳資源合作　切入點：中澳關(guān)系　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：能源與礦產(chǎn)資源幾乎是一切經(jīng)濟活動所必需的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。中國自1978年實施改革開放以來,工業(yè)生產(chǎn)飛速躍進,城市化進程日趨深化,經(jīng)濟增長日益加速,人口數(shù)量持續(xù)膨脹,使得資源供需缺口不斷拉大。步入21世紀,隨著中國經(jīng)濟增速的持續(xù)加快,我國已成為全球最大的資源品進口國,資源約束瓶頸愈益凸顯,近20種能礦產(chǎn)品嚴重短缺,需大量進口以滿足國內(nèi)旺盛的消費需求。如此嚴峻的資源狀況意味著保障資源以合理的價格持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定、安全的供應(yīng)是我國面臨的關(guān)鍵性挑戰(zhàn)之一。 澳大利亞以其豐沛且高品位的能礦資源而享有“坐在礦車上的國家”之美譽,其資源儲量與產(chǎn)量位居世界前列。而其較少的人口使得國內(nèi)資源消費量增長有限,因此澳大利亞素來也是全球排名領(lǐng)先的、可靠的資源出口大國。此外,澳大利亞擁有比較穩(wěn)定的政治、經(jīng)濟、社會環(huán)境,以及較為健全的法律體制。 中澳兩國同屬亞太地區(qū),自1972年12月正式建立外交關(guān)系以來,兩國關(guān)系總體良好。所有上述因素使得雙方彼此需要,并為雙方的資源合作提供了良好的條件。自建交以來,中澳能礦資源貿(mào)易的數(shù)量與金額雙雙大幅攀升；兩國在資源領(lǐng)域的合作也不斷向?qū)掝I(lǐng)域、多層次的方向發(fā)展——合作涉及的能礦資源品種不斷拓展,合作形式從貿(mào)易逐漸發(fā)展到投資和能源技術(shù)合作。 中澳資源合作進程總體較為平穩(wěn),但也經(jīng)受過波折、面臨著挑戰(zhàn)。雙方能礦資源貿(mào)易與投資協(xié)作受到國內(nèi)外各種因素的影響。例如,兩國政治體制、意識形態(tài)、經(jīng)濟狀況的迥異,對中國企業(yè)投資澳能礦業(yè)構(gòu)成極大挑戰(zhàn)。由于上述差異,中國企業(yè)正常的利益訴求有時會被一些澳大利亞人曲解為意在控制澳資源的戰(zhàn)略行為。如何讓我國的利益訴求為澳方理解,消除其擔(dān)憂或反感,令其意識到中國企業(yè)投資澳礦是互利雙贏的經(jīng)濟活動,是值得努力尋求破解之道的一項課題。本研究試圖通過對雙方在資源領(lǐng)域各項協(xié)作的梳理和研析,探究兩國資源合作對彼此的益處與意義,分析合作中存在的問題和困難,以期為未來的協(xié)作提供些許啟迪。 本論文采用定量與定性相結(jié)合的研究方法。其一,整理和計算相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),并適當(dāng)繪制成折線圖、柱狀圖或餅圖,以直觀地反映中澳資源貿(mào)易和投資的數(shù)量與金額變化等。其二,采用案例分析法,研析典型合作項目的來龍去脈與問題,探尋相應(yīng)對策。其三,綜合運用資源經(jīng)濟學(xué)和國際關(guān)系學(xué)等相關(guān)理論,對中澳資源合作的歷史、現(xiàn)狀、未來加以剖析。 全文共分六章。第一章是導(dǎo)論,闡述研究的緣起,進行文獻綜述,解釋研究目的與意義、研究思路與方法。第二章作為背景交代,介紹中澳兩國能礦產(chǎn)業(yè)的政策變遷。第三至五章是論文的主體,橫向地劃分為中澳能源產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易、中澳礦產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易與中國對澳大利亞能礦業(yè)的投資三部分。第三章論述中澳能源產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易,這些能源產(chǎn)品包含煤炭、石油、液化天然氣和鈾礦。第四章論述中澳礦產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易,包括鐵礦、銅礦及鋁礦產(chǎn)品。第五章著重從以下六方面剖析中國對澳大利亞能礦業(yè)的投資：外國對澳直接投資與中國對外直接投資概況,中國企業(yè)在澳投資背景,澳大利亞對外國投資的審查制度,中國投資澳礦歷程,中國投資澳大利亞能礦業(yè)的挑戰(zhàn)與對策建議,中國對澳礦投資項目下的雙方能源技術(shù)合作。上述三章內(nèi)部又縱向地闡述了各能礦產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易與投資的發(fā)展歷程。第六章為結(jié)論,總結(jié)中澳資源合作的總體特征,闡釋兩國合作對雙方的益處和意義,就雙方合作中面臨的挑戰(zhàn)提出相應(yīng)對策建議,并展望中澳資源合作的前景。 研究的主要結(jié)論如下：通過數(shù)十年來的中澳能礦資源合作,澳大利亞對有效緩解中國的資源饑渴作出了難以替代的積極貢獻,促進了中國經(jīng)濟長期高速的增長；而中國成就了澳大利亞在新世紀的礦業(yè)繁榮,使澳大利亞的經(jīng)濟增速長期保持著3-4%這個高于絕大多數(shù)發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體的增長率。中澳資源合作給兩國的經(jīng)濟與社會發(fā)展帶來了巨大推動,為增加兩國人民的福祉作出了貢獻,也令雙方對彼此日益依賴。中澳資源合作關(guān)系己成為兩國整體關(guān)系的重要構(gòu)成部分和兩國關(guān)系發(fā)展的強勁動力,甚至能在雙邊關(guān)系遭遇險情時起到穩(wěn)定兩國關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵作用,中澳資源合作已與兩國整體關(guān)系形成良性互動。兩國能礦資源合作的未來具有很大潛力,但也存在一些不確定因素,需要雙方持續(xù)關(guān)注,并以積極、客觀的態(tài)度予以妥善應(yīng)對和解決。
[Abstract]:Energy and mineral resources is almost a necessary material foundation for all economic activities. Chinese since 1978 since the implementation of reform and opening up, the rapid industrial production leap, city the process of deepening, economic growth accelerated, the population continues to expand, the resource gap between supply and demand constantly widening. In twenty-first Century, with the China economic growth continued to accelerate. China has become the world's largest importer of goods resources, resource constraints become increasingly prominent bottleneck, nearly 20 can be a serious shortage of mineral products, a large number of imports to meet domestic demand. Resources so severe means to safeguard resources at a reasonable price, stable, secure supply is one of the key challenges I facing the country.
Australia, with its high quality and abundant mineral resources and enjoys the reputation of "sitting on a tub of countries, its reserves and output ranked in the world. Its small population makes the domestic consumption growth is limited, so Australia was ranked first, reliable resource exporter. In addition, Australia has a relatively stable political, economic, social environment, and perfect the legal system.
The two countries in the Asia Pacific region, since December 1972 formally established diplomatic relations, the relations between the two countries is generally good. All the above factors make both sides need each other, and provide good conditions for resource cooperation between the two sides. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations, the number and amount of mineral resources trade both Halometasone rose sharply; cooperation between the two countries in the field of resources also to wide area, multi-level direction of cooperation involving energy and mineral resources varieties continued to expand, gradually developed into the form of cooperation in trade and investment cooperation in energy technology.
In the Australian resources cooperation process is relatively stable overall, but also experienced twists and turns, facing challenges. Both energy and mineral resources trade and investment cooperation is affected by various factors at home and abroad. For example, the two countries in political system, ideology, economic conditions are different, the Chinese Macao enterprises to invest in mining can pose a great challenge. Because of these differences, normal the interests of Chinese enterprises is sometimes misinterpreted as some Australians intended to control the strategic behavior of Australian resources. How to make the interests of our country as Australia understand, eliminate the worry or resentment, to realize China's enterprises to invest in Australian mining is of mutual benefit and win-win economic activities, is a topic worthy to seek the solutions the research on both sides. The cooperation in the field of natural resources combing research and analysis, explore the benefits and significance of bilateral cooperation resources to each other, the analysis of problems in cooperation And difficulties, in order to provide some inspiration for future collaboration.
This paper adopts the combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Firstly, sort and calculate the relevant data, and draw the appropriate line chart, histogram and pie chart, to directly reflect the quantity and the amount of change in Australian resources trade and investment. Secondly, using case analysis method, and the problem of cooperation the typical sequence of events the project, to explore the corresponding countermeasures. Thirdly, the theory of comprehensive use of resources economics and international relations, the cooperation of Sino Australian resources, history, future analyses.
This paper consists of six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, describes the origin of the study, literature review, explain the research purpose and significance, research ideas and methods. The second chapter is to explain the background, the two countries can change the mining industry policy. The third chapter to the five chapter is the main part of the thesis, the horizontal trade into energy products in Australia, mineral products trade between China and Australia and Chinese in Australia to mining investment in three parts. The third chapter discusses energy products trade between China and Australia, these energy products including coal, oil, liquefied natural gas and uranium. The fourth chapter discusses the Sino Australian mineral products trade, including iron ore, copper and aluminium ore products. The fifth chapter the analysis from the following six aspects China can mining investment in Australia: Australian foreign direct investment and foreign direct investment Chinese, China enterprises to invest in Australia, the Australian foreign investment review system, Chinese Australian mining investment course, investment Chinese Australia can challenge and Countermeasures of mining, China investment in Australian mining projects under both energy technology cooperation. The three chapter expounds the development and the internal longitudinal course of the energy trade and investment of mineral products. The sixth chapter is the conclusion, summarize the general characteristics of Sino Australian resources cooperation, interpretation the cooperation between the two countries on the benefits and significance of both sides, put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on bilateral cooperation in the face of challenges, and the prospect of Sino Australian cooperation resources.
The main conclusions are as follows: through Aoneng mineral resources cooperation for decades, Australia to effectively alleviate the China resource hungry to make a positive contribution to promote the economic Chinese alternative, long-term high-speed growth; and China achievements of Australia in the new century, the mining boom, Australia's economic growth has long maintained the 3-4% higher than most developed economies. The growth rate of Sino Australian cooperation resources for economic and social development of the two countries has brought great impetus, contributed to the increase of the well-being of the two peoples, but also make both dependence on each other. Relations and cooperation between China and Australia resources have already become the strong power of the overall relationship between the two countries and an important part of the development of bilateral relations even, can play a key role in the stability of relations between the two countries in bilateral relations in danger, in cooperation with Australian resources has overall relationship between the two countries There is great potential for cooperation between the two countries, but there are still some uncertainties. They need constant attention from both sides. They should be properly treated and resolved in a positive and objective manner.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F125.4;F752.7;F426.2;F426.1

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