本文選題：中國(guó)　切入點(diǎn)：俄羅斯　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國(guó)自1978年開(kāi)始進(jìn)行改革開(kāi)放，到1992年鄧小平南巡并發(fā)表一系列講話和中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨十四大召開(kāi)才正式提出建立社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的改革目標(biāo)。俄羅斯聯(lián)邦自1991年起脫離蘇聯(lián)成為獨(dú)立國(guó)家后，開(kāi)始全盤(pán)的西方化改革。兩國(guó)的市場(chǎng)化改革有著不同的經(jīng)歷，有著不同的際遇，有著不同的表現(xiàn)。以史為鑒，這些值得研究和深思。中俄都是前社會(huì)主義國(guó)家，兩國(guó)有某些相似的發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)。中俄兩國(guó)都經(jīng)歷了長(zhǎng)期的轉(zhuǎn)軌改革，不同的是兩國(guó)分別采用漸進(jìn)式的緩和的改革療法和激進(jìn)的休克式改革療法；一個(gè)是對(duì)增量經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)行改革，一個(gè)是對(duì)存量經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)行改革；一國(guó)在改革之后仍然堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義道路，，另一國(guó)則選擇了走資本主義道路。兩國(guó)都經(jīng)歷長(zhǎng)期改革，又有某些相似的發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)，經(jīng)歷改革之后的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展面貌卻表現(xiàn)出明顯的不同。為何中俄同為前社會(huì)主義國(guó)家并有著相似的發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)卻選擇了不同的改革道路？為何經(jīng)歷長(zhǎng)期改革，俄羅斯已進(jìn)入高收入水平國(guó)家行列而中國(guó)卻僅僅進(jìn)入中等收入國(guó)家行列？為何在經(jīng)歷經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)沖擊的動(dòng)蕩中，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)總體相對(duì)穩(wěn)定而俄羅斯經(jīng)濟(jì)卻出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重的下滑甚至倒退？為何中國(guó)各類(lèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)逐漸趨于合理，而俄羅斯卻越來(lái)越趨向于能源依賴(lài)型的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式？逐層遞進(jìn)的思考過(guò)程中，我們不禁又提出這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：發(fā)展的本質(zhì)是什么，歸根結(jié)底是什么在發(fā)展？本文將對(duì)以上問(wèn)題進(jìn)行深入探討，解答疑惑，并藉此探索中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展應(yīng)該走向何方，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展應(yīng)該如何走出一條正確的道路。經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展研究通常只能進(jìn)行到數(shù)據(jù)簡(jiǎn)單羅列分析的程度。本文在上述研究的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)中俄兩國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力進(jìn)行了探討,并采用經(jīng)濟(jì)、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、教育科技三個(gè)方面的九個(gè)相關(guān)變量，通過(guò)主成分分析法，得出主成分，并進(jìn)一步賦以權(quán)重，構(gòu)建了一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展指數(shù)。通過(guò)對(duì)前述所給出的這一經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展指數(shù)的分析，進(jìn)一步解釋中俄經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的差異。
[Abstract]:China has been reforming and opening up since 1978. It was not until 1992 when Deng Xiaoping made a series of speeches and delivered a series of speeches and the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) that the reform goal of establishing a socialist market economic system was formally put forward. After the Russian Federation broke away from the Soviet Union and became an independent country in 1991, To start the overall westernization reform. The two countries' market-oriented reforms have different experiences, different opportunities, and different performances. Taking history as a mirror, these are worth studying and pondering. Both China and Russia are former socialist countries. The two countries have some similar development bases. Both China and Russia have experienced long-term transition reform. The difference is that the two countries have adopted progressive palliative reform therapy and radical shock reform therapy, respectively; one is to reform the incremental economy. One is the reform of the stock economy; one country still adheres to the socialist road after the reform, while the other country chooses the capitalist road. Both countries have undergone long-term reform and have some similar basis for development. After the reform, the economic and social development of China and Russia are obviously different. Why is it that China and Russia, being former socialist countries and having similar development basis, have chosen different reform paths? Why, after a long period of reform, has Russia entered the ranks of high-income countries while China has only entered the ranks of middle-income countries? Why is it that China's economy is generally relatively stable while Russia's economy has experienced a serious decline or even retrogression in the turmoil that has been hit by the economic crisis? Why is the industrial structure of China's various industries becoming more and more rational, while Russia is becoming more and more energy dependent economic development model? In the process of thinking step by step, we can not help but raise such a question: what is the essence of development, and what is it in the final analysis? This article will explore the above questions in depth, answer the questions, and explore where China's economic and social development should go. How should China's economic and social development take the right path? usually, the study of economic and social development can only be carried out to the extent that the data are simply listed and analyzed. This paper probes into the ability of sustainable economic and social development of China and Russia, and adopts nine related variables of economy, medical and health, education and science and technology, obtains the principal component by principal component analysis, and gives further weight to it. This paper constructs an index of economic and social development, and further explains the differences of economic and social development between China and Russia through the analysis of the economic and social development index given above.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F124;F151.2

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