本文選題：國企改革　切入點：貧富差距　出處：《吉林大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：自改革開放以來，我國的經濟體制改革一直備受國內外學者關注，而國有企業(yè)改革又成為重中之重。縱觀經濟體制改革歷程，從最開始的“一大二公三純”，到后來的“以公有制為主體，其他經濟成分為補充，多種經濟成分共同發(fā)展”，再到現(xiàn)在的“以公有制為主體，多種所有制經濟共同發(fā)展”的基本經濟制度，公有制經濟在經濟體制改革中逐漸縮減。在我國經濟快速發(fā)展的同時，貧富差距不斷在增大，而且這種增大的狀況已經超乎民眾的心理預期。根據(jù)世界銀行的報告，從2000年開始，我國的基尼系數(shù)已經超過0.4的警戒線，近十年間，城鄉(xiāng)之間、地區(qū)之間以及行業(yè)之間的貧富差距日趨明顯。不能否認，改革開放讓一部分人、一部分地區(qū)富裕了起來，但是，，改革開放的成果顯然沒有被所有人、所有地區(qū)平均享有。如果這樣的局面持續(xù)下去，貧富之間的敵意與對立就會與日俱增，社會矛盾也會逐漸積聚，最終影響社會和諧。 國有企業(yè)改革和貧富差距兩者都是關乎國計民生的大問題。隨著國有企業(yè)改革的進行，公有制比例越來越小，而我國的基尼系數(shù)恰恰和公有制的比例縮減呈現(xiàn)相反的增長趨勢。根據(jù)中華人民共和國國家統(tǒng)計局公布的2003-2012年的基尼系數(shù)，2003年0.479，2004年0.473，2005年0.485，2006年0.487，2007年0.484，2008年0.491，2009年0.490，2010年0.481，2011年0.477，2012年0.474。1從前面的數(shù)據(jù)可以看出，我國在過去十年的基尼系數(shù)均超過了4.7，有些年份甚至達到了4.9，這不得不令人深思：貧富差距的擴大是否和國有企業(yè)改革有關？如果相關，國有企業(yè)在未來的改革中是繼續(xù)堅持“國退民進”還是適當?shù)摹皣M民退”？國有企業(yè)改革該何去何從？ 本文把國有企業(yè)改革和貧富差距作為主要研究對象，運用馬克思主義的基本生產關系探討貧富差距的形成和拉大原因，以“城鎮(zhèn)基尼系數(shù)”和“國有職工人員比例”為指標，運用時間序列分析方法進行計量經濟研究，綜合分析國有企業(yè)改革和貧富差距拉大的內在經濟關系。旨在驗證國有企業(yè)改革與貧富差距的根本聯(lián)系，并從國有企業(yè)改革的角度提出縮小我國貧富差距的政策和建議。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economic system reform has been concerned by scholars at home and abroad, while the reform of state-owned enterprises has become a top priority. From the beginning of the "Big two Men and three Pure" to the later "public ownership as the main, other economic components as a supplement," to the present "public ownership as the main body," The basic economic system of "the common development of the economy of various forms of ownership", the public ownership economy gradually shrinks in the course of the economic restructuring. While China's economy is developing rapidly, the gap between the rich and the poor is constantly increasing. Moreover, this increase has exceeded the psychological expectations of the public. According to a World Bank report, since 2000, the Gini coefficient in China has exceeded the warning line of 0.4. In the last decade, between urban and rural areas, The gap between the rich and the poor between regions and industries is becoming increasingly obvious. It cannot be denied that the reform and opening up has made some people and some regions rich, but the fruits of reform and opening up have obviously not been made available to all. If this situation continues, the hostility and antagonism between the rich and the poor will grow, and social conflicts will gradually accumulate and ultimately affect social harmony. The reform of state-owned enterprises and the gap between the rich and the poor are both major issues related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. With the reform of state-owned enterprises, the proportion of public ownership is becoming smaller and smaller. According to the Gini coefficient published by the National Bureau of Statistics of the people's Republic of China in 2003-2012, the Gini coefficient in 2003, 2003, 2004, 2004, 2005, 0.487, 2007, 0.491, 2008, 2009, 0.490, 2010, 0.4812011, respectively. As can be seen from the previous data, as can be seen in the year 0.477, and in 2012, 0.474.1, In the past ten years, the Gini coefficient of our country has exceeded 4.7, and in some years it has even reached 4.9. This makes people wonder whether the widening of the gap between the rich and the poor is related to the reform of state-owned enterprises. If relevant, will the state-owned enterprises continue to adhere to the principle of "state retreat from the people's advancement" or the appropriate "state advance and people's retreat" in the future reform? What to do with the reform of state-owned enterprises? This paper takes the reform of state-owned enterprises and the gap between the rich and the poor as the main research object, discusses the causes of the gap between the rich and the poor by using the basic production relations of Marxism, taking the Gini coefficient of cities and towns and the proportion of state-owned workers and staff as the indicators. Using the method of time series analysis, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the internal economic relationship between the reform of state-owned enterprises and the widening gap between the rich and the poor, in order to verify the fundamental relationship between the reform of state-owned enterprises and the gap between the rich and the poor. And from the angle of the reform of state-owned enterprises, this paper puts forward some policies and suggestions to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F276.1;F271;F124.7

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