本文選題：人力資本　切入點：技術(shù)進步　出處：《中國海洋大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：改革開放三十年來，我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展迅速，各項建設(shè)取得了舉世矚目的成就。但不可忽視的是伴隨著經(jīng)濟的增長，我國能源消耗也迅猛上升。作為我國經(jīng)濟重要的投入要素，能源的變動將直接影響著我國經(jīng)濟的健康持續(xù)增長。我國在全面建設(shè)小康社會的過程中，要實現(xiàn)以較少能源消費增長滿足較高經(jīng)濟增長的需要，就要從根本上把握能源效率的基本內(nèi)涵，探討能源效率的影響因素及其對提高能源效率的作用機制，以有針對性、有目的性地通過各種經(jīng)濟管理措施提升能源效率，為我國經(jīng)濟未來可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的提出提供基本依據(jù)。 內(nèi)生經(jīng)濟增長理論認為技術(shù)是提高效率的關(guān)鍵，可依靠技術(shù)要素提高能源效率以抵消能源投入的“增長效應(yīng)”。而技術(shù)的進步，受制于人力資本水平的高低。人力資本積累是技術(shù)進步的動力和源泉，高素質(zhì)的人力資本可促進能源節(jié)約型技術(shù)的創(chuàng)造和應(yīng)用，從而最終達到提高能源效率的目的�？紤]到不同地區(qū)勞動者的知識、技能等差異，勞動力對效率提高的貢獻自然不同，高質(zhì)量的人力資本可以有效吸收和利用技術(shù)，帶動當?shù)厣a(chǎn)的發(fā)展；當人力資本質(zhì)量較低時，會降低技術(shù)的外溢效應(yīng)，阻礙生產(chǎn)率的進一步提高。因此，，有必要從人力資本能動性的角度，考察其與技術(shù)進步對能源效率的影響作用，以為政策制定者提供可信的政策依據(jù)。 本文主要從人力資本和技術(shù)進步對能源效率的直接影響以及不同人力資本積累下技術(shù)進步對能源效率的差異影響兩個方面進行研究。利用主成分分析法和隨機前沿分析方法分別測算了我國1997-2011年的人力資本指數(shù)和技術(shù)進步指數(shù)，以為后文的模型構(gòu)建奠定基礎(chǔ)。然后運用面板模型和門限模型，構(gòu)建人力資本、技術(shù)進步和能源效率之間的計量模型，并對三者之間的關(guān)系進行了實證分析。面板模型結(jié)果表明，我國東中西三個地區(qū)采用不同模型估計方法得到的變量回歸系數(shù)符號和顯著性基本一致，人力資本、社會整體技術(shù)進步、國內(nèi)外技術(shù)吸收能力對能源效率均具有正向作用�？紤]到人力資本的積累性和能動性，本文建立了以人力資本為門限變量的面板門限模型，結(jié)果顯示，我國確實存在著人力資本的門限值，隨著人力資本水平的提高，能源效率受技術(shù)進步的影響表現(xiàn)出逐層遞增的趨勢。另外，國內(nèi)外技術(shù)進步與人力資本交叉結(jié)合所代表的技術(shù)吸收能力對能源效率的影響為正且非常顯著，說明我國現(xiàn)有的人力資本對國內(nèi)外技術(shù)引進及技術(shù)創(chuàng)造均具有一定的吸收利用能力。 我國“十二五”規(guī)劃綱要繼續(xù)將節(jié)能減排作為社會發(fā)展的約束型指標，這為處在經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型期的中國提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)�；趯嵶C結(jié)果，本文認為在借鑒其他國家能源政策的基礎(chǔ)上，我國也需要從重視人力資本積累，改進能源利用技術(shù)、提高能源利用效率，發(fā)揮高素質(zhì)技術(shù)人員優(yōu)勢、開發(fā)可替代新能源等方面制定我國的能源發(fā)展政策。
[Abstract]:Thirty years of reform and opening up, China's rapid economic development, the construction has made remarkable achievements. But can not be ignored is accompanied by economic growth, China's energy consumption also rose rapidly. As an important factor in China's economy, energy changes will directly affect the health of China's economic growth. Our country in the process of building a well-off society, to achieve with less energy consumption growth to meet the needs of higher economic growth, we must grasp the basic connotation of energy efficiency fundamentally, to explore the influence factors of energy efficiency and its mechanism to improve energy efficiency, to targeted, purposeful measures through all kinds of economic management to enhance energy efficiency, provide the basis for China's future economic sustainable development strategy.
The endogenous economic growth theory suggests that the technology is the key to improve the efficiency, can rely on the technical elements to improve energy efficiency in order to offset the energy growth effect. And the progress of technology, subject to the level of human capital. Human capital accumulation is the source and driving force of technological progress, high-quality human capital can promote the creation and application of energy saving technology, and ultimately achieve the purpose of improving energy efficiency. Taking into account the different employee knowledge, skills and other differences, to improve the efficiency of labor contribution naturally different, high quality human capital can effectively absorb and use the technology to drive the development of local production; when the quality of human capital is low, will reduce the spillover effect of technology, to further improve the productivity of the obstacles. Therefore, it is necessary from the perspective of human capital initiative, and the technological progress on energy efficiency The impact of the policy makers to provide a credible policy basis.
This paper mainly studies the influence from two aspects of the direct impact of human capital and technological progress on energy efficiency and human capital accumulation under the difference of technological progress on energy efficiency in China. 1997-2011 years of human capital and technological progress index index calculation method and stochastic frontier analysis using principal component analysis method respectively, lay a foundation for the construction of thought the model. Then using the panel threshold model and model construction of human capital, the econometric model between technological progress and energy efficiency, and the relationship between the three is the empirical analysis of the model results. Panel shows that the estimation method is obtained by using different models of China's East and West three regions of the regression coefficients and symbols was basically the same, the human capital, the overall technological progress of society, the domestic and foreign technology absorption capacity have positive effect on energy efficiency into account. The accumulation of human capital and initiative, this article established a human capital threshold panel model, threshold variables showed that China does exist in the human capital threshold, the increase of human capital level, energy efficiency is affected by technological progress show layer increasing trend. In addition, the domestic and foreign technology progress and human capital combined represents the technology effect of absorptive capacity on energy efficiency is positive and significant, indicating the creation of technology introduction of China's existing human capital at home and abroad and have certain ability to absorb.
China's "12th Five-Year" plan to energy-saving emission reduction as a constrained index of social development, which is a new challenge for the economy transformation of Chinese. Based on the empirical results, this paper thinks that based on other national energy policy, our country needs from human capital accumulation, improve energy utilization technology to improve energy efficiency, give full play to the advantages of high quality technical personnel, the development of alternative new energy to the development of China's energy development policy.

【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F249.21;F124.3;F206

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