本文選題：生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)　切入點：可持續(xù)發(fā)展　出處：《天津師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)以來,隨著工業(yè)化的發(fā)展和人口的持續(xù)增長,人類社會遭遇了一系列前所未有的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題。我國作為人口大國,尤其是經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展的近幾十年來,粗放的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式導(dǎo)致生態(tài)問題日益突出,環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重,2013年席卷大半個中國的霧霾天氣已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響了人們的正常生活,可以說是大自然又一次給我們敲響了警鐘。 多年的生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)實踐并沒有使我國生態(tài)環(huán)境有多大改善的事實,讓我們不得不反思問題所在。在此背景下,本文將試圖破解這個難題,探索一套能夠使生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的保障機(jī)制,以保護(hù)我們賴以生存的生態(tài)環(huán)境。 通過對生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)實踐進(jìn)程的回顧,可以看出,近幾十年來,我國從國家規(guī)劃、法律法規(guī)到政策實施方面,都對保護(hù)環(huán)境、資源等方面進(jìn)行了一系列的探索和實踐。然而,從宏觀和生態(tài)足跡兩個維度對目前的生態(tài)狀況進(jìn)行分析之后,發(fā)現(xiàn)生態(tài)環(huán)境問題仍然非常突出,生態(tài)赤字持續(xù)擴(kuò)大。這種結(jié)果表明我國生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)的實踐思路還有待改進(jìn)。 文章通過對造成這種困境的深層原因的理論剖析,認(rèn)為生態(tài)環(huán)境問題的產(chǎn)生有其思想根源、經(jīng)濟(jì)根源和科技根源。然后通過引入一個演化博弈模型對生態(tài)環(huán)境問題進(jìn)行了動態(tài)博弈分析,結(jié)果表明,生態(tài)環(huán)境問題的產(chǎn)生,主要是由于企業(yè)違法排放成本太低,因此應(yīng)該采取一系列措施以加大企業(yè)的違法成本和保障環(huán)境監(jiān)管部門的監(jiān)管主動性。最后在前面原因剖析和演化博弈分析的基礎(chǔ)上,提出一套能夠使我國生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的保障機(jī)制。要實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,必須要轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式、生產(chǎn)方式和生活方式,而這需要一套保障機(jī)制來實現(xiàn)。具體的,微觀上,企業(yè)要提高社會責(zé)任意識,個人提高環(huán)保意識；宏觀上采取一系列措施以增大企業(yè)違法排污成本,從而實現(xiàn)綠色發(fā)展,具體包括：(1)完善考核機(jī)制,徹底改變干部的唯GDP論的政績觀,并加強(qiáng)對環(huán)保部門的考核,對其建立合理、有效的獎懲機(jī)制；(2)健全環(huán)境稅收體系,增加企業(yè)的排污成本；(3)發(fā)揮財政支出的環(huán)保作用,支持環(huán)�？萍己托屡d節(jié)能產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展；(4)發(fā)揮金融體系的環(huán)保作用,發(fā)展綠色金融；(5)完善環(huán)保法律、法規(guī),為環(huán)保事業(yè)保駕護(hù)航；(6)提高環(huán)保的公眾參與度,以加強(qiáng)監(jiān)督,并且發(fā)揮民間環(huán)保組織的作用,以平衡當(dāng)代和后代的利益沖突,力求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Since 20th century, with the development of industrialization and the sustained growth of population, human society has encountered a series of unprecedented ecological and environmental problems. Extensive economic development mode leads to more and more ecological problems and serious environmental pollution. In 2013, the haze weather sweeping half of China has seriously affected the normal life of people, which can be said to be another wake-up call for us by nature. The fact that the ecological environment of our country has not been greatly improved by years of ecological economic practice has forced us to reflect on the problem. In this context, this paper will try to solve this difficult problem. In order to protect the ecological environment that we depend on, we explore a guarantee mechanism which can make the sustainable development of ecological economy. By reviewing the process of ecological economy practice, we can see that in recent decades, China has carried out a series of exploration and practice on the protection of environment, resources and so on from the aspects of national planning, laws and regulations, and policy implementation. After analyzing the current ecological situation from two dimensions of macro and ecological footprint, it is found that the ecological environment problem is still very prominent and the ecological deficit continues to expand, which indicates that the practical thinking of ecological economy in China needs to be improved. Based on the theoretical analysis of the deep causes of this dilemma, this paper holds that the emergence of ecological environmental problems has its ideological roots. By introducing an evolutionary game model, the dynamic game analysis of ecological environmental problems is made. The results show that the problem of ecological environment is mainly caused by the low cost of illegal emissions. Therefore, we should take a series of measures to increase the illegal cost of enterprises and protect the regulatory initiative of environmental regulatory authorities. To realize sustainable development, we must change the mode of development, the mode of production and the way of life. Enterprises should raise their awareness of social responsibility and personal awareness of environmental protection; macroscopically, they should take a series of measures to increase the cost of illegal pollution discharge by enterprises, so as to achieve green development, including, in particular, improving the assessment mechanism. Thoroughly change the cadre's view of GDP's achievements, and strengthen the assessment of environmental protection departments, and establish a reasonable and effective reward and punishment mechanism for them. (2) improve the environmental tax system, increase the cost of pollutant discharge in enterprises and give full play to the role of environmental protection in fiscal expenditure. Support for the Development of Environmental Protection Science and Technology and the emerging Energy Saving Industry!!! (4) give play to the role of the financial system in environmental protection and develop green finance. (5) perfect environmental protection laws and regulations, and provide protection for environmental protection. (6) increase public participation in environmental protection in order to strengthen supervision. And play the role of civil environmental protection organizations to balance the interests of contemporary and future generations, and strive for sustainable development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F124.5

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