本文選題：東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)　切入點(diǎn)：投資貿(mào)易關(guān)聯(lián)　出處：《中國社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為因應(yīng)全球激烈的市場競爭，跨國公司在全球范圍內(nèi)配置資源，并不斷地創(chuàng)新經(jīng)濟(jì)組織。從20世紀(jì)80年代末開始，東亞華商和日本、美國等的跨國公司大規(guī)模增加對東亞的尋求效率型的投資和業(yè)務(wù)外包。不斷增加的FDI主要是利用東亞地區(qū)的要素成本優(yōu)勢，來提高產(chǎn)品在發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體市場上的競爭優(yōu)勢。同時(shí)，東亞各經(jīng)濟(jì)體積極實(shí)行經(jīng)濟(jì)自由化政策，通信和運(yùn)輸技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展使得聯(lián)接成本不斷降低。這使得服務(wù)于跨國公司全球戰(zhàn)略的東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在東亞地區(qū)快速發(fā)展、延伸。東亞發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體成為跨國公司即旗艦企業(yè)的勞動(dòng)密集型或低技術(shù)密集型的生產(chǎn)部門、組裝部門。目前，這種分工在東亞還在擴(kuò)大并促進(jìn)了區(qū)域合作。 對參與東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的東亞供應(yīng)商而言，它們與來自發(fā)達(dá)國家的網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)企業(yè)建立密切聯(lián)系，不斷獲得通過生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳遞過來的先進(jìn)知識；此外，，為滿足旗艦企業(yè)或高級供應(yīng)商的需求而迫使自己不斷提高生產(chǎn)能力或研發(fā)水平。因此，本地企業(yè)在成為東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)供應(yīng)商后，其能力獲得了一定程度的提高。但是，由于依賴高級供應(yīng)商或旗艦企業(yè)的銷售渠道和關(guān)鍵零部件供給，因此，本地供應(yīng)商很可能被鎖定在東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)固定環(huán)節(jié)上而難以進(jìn)一步升級，即一直處于附加值較低的價(jià)值鏈環(huán)節(jié)。研究表明，中國不少產(chǎn)業(yè)的供應(yīng)商仍處于低附加值環(huán)節(jié)。勞動(dòng)密集型環(huán)節(jié)還在不斷地同水平擴(kuò)張并占用大量資源，形成慣性發(fā)展方式，甚至排斥了提高研發(fā)水平或銷售能力的努力。但是，中國的土地、勞動(dòng)等要素成本優(yōu)勢正在不斷減少。 正是由于東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)較快的水平延伸，東亞的制造能力快速擴(kuò)張，使得東亞區(qū)域?qū)W美發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的市場的依賴不斷增加，尤其是對美國市場的依賴一直較為嚴(yán)重，造成貿(mào)易失衡。同時(shí)，對區(qū)域外能源、原材料、資本和技術(shù)的依賴也在加深。而歐美對東亞產(chǎn)品的需求增長有限，在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)期間需求還急劇下跌。這使得東亞經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展嚴(yán)重受制于區(qū)域外市場。 因此，東亞必需不斷地轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式，需要東亞跨國分工方式即東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)不斷調(diào)整。由于旗艦企業(yè)的全球戰(zhàn)略和各地制造成本不斷變化，東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)本身也在不斷地發(fā)展和調(diào)整。這使得更多的地方供應(yīng)商能夠加入東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，獲得提升能力的機(jī)會(huì)；還使得原有供應(yīng)商在面臨被新供應(yīng)商替換掉的同時(shí)獲得了更多提升價(jià)值鏈位置的機(jī)會(huì)。 中國供應(yīng)商可以根據(jù)自身的實(shí)力對東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)整施加不同的影響，可以在東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展和調(diào)整中抓住機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)價(jià)值鏈升級。有些供應(yīng)商到其他地方發(fā)展生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)從而提升自身價(jià)值鏈位置；有些供應(yīng)商在吸收先進(jìn)知識的基礎(chǔ)上通過自身努力來提高研發(fā)水平，掌握某些專利；有些供應(yīng)商提高加工工藝，專注于零部件的精細(xì)型加工，從而提高零部件競爭優(yōu)勢。有些供應(yīng)商無視生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的調(diào)整而被其他供應(yīng)商取代，面臨破產(chǎn)；等等。中國各產(chǎn)業(yè)主管部門及各級政府最好立足于各產(chǎn)業(yè)生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展、調(diào)整規(guī)律和分工現(xiàn)實(shí)，能夠影響并利用東亞生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的調(diào)整，促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級。
[Abstract]:Due to the fierce global market competition, multinational corporations allocate resources in the world, and constantly innovative economic organization. Since the end of 1980s, China and Japan in East Asia, the United States and other multinational companies seeking a massive increase in efficiency of East Asia Investment and business outsourcing. The increasing FDI is the use of the cost advantages in East Asia, to improve the product in the developed market economies, the competitive advantage. At the same time, East Asian economies to actively implement economic liberalization policy, the rapid development of communication and transportation technology makes the connection cost continuously decreased. This makes the service in the global strategy of transnational corporations and the rapid development of East Asian production networks in East Asia, extending. East Asian developing economies become transnational corporations is the flagship enterprise of labor intensive and low technology intensive production department, assembly department. At present, the division of labor in East Asia is expanding and promoting regional cooperation.
To participate in the East Asian production networks in East Asia suppliers, they establish close ties with enterprises from developed countries in the network, continue to acquire advanced knowledge transferred through production network; in addition, in order to meet the demand of the flagship enterprise or senior supplier force themselves to continuously improve the production capacity and the level of research and development. Therefore, local enterprises in East Asia the production network provider, its capacity has been improved to a certain extent. However, because of their dependence on suppliers or senior flagship enterprise sales channels and key spare parts supply, therefore, the local suppliers are likely to be locked in the East Asian production network fixed links to further upgrade, which has been in the added value of the value chain is relatively low. Research shows that many industry Chinese supplier is still in low value-added sectors. Labor intensive sectors are constantly expanding and the same level Occupy a lot of resources, form an inertia development mode, and even exclude efforts to improve R & D level or sales ability. However, China's land, labor and other factor cost advantages are decreasing.
It is because of the level of East Asian production networks rapid extension, the rapid expansion of manufacturing capacity in East Asia, which rely on East Asia to the developed economies of Europe and the market continues to increase, especially dependent on the US market has been more serious, causing the trade imbalance. At the same time, the area of foreign energy, raw materials, capital and technology is dependent on in depth. While Europe and the United States on the East Asian products limited growth in demand during the economic crisis, demand also fell sharply. This makes the development of East Asian economy is severely constrained by the market outside the area.
Thus, East Asia must constantly change the mode of economic development, the East Asian multinational division in East Asia need to constantly adjust. Because of the global production network flagship enterprises and around the manufacturing costs are constantly changing, the East Asian production network itself is in constant development and adjustment. This allows more local suppliers to join the East Asian production networks, the ability to ascend the opportunity; but also makes the original supplier in the face of new suppliers to replace more opportunities to enhance the value chain position.
China suppliers can according to their own strength exert different effects on the East Asian production network adjustment, can seize the opportunity in the East Asian production network development and adjustment to realize the value chain. Some suppliers to other local production network development so as to enhance their value chain position; some suppliers to improve the level of research and development on the base of absorbing advanced knowledge through their own efforts master, some patent; process improvement some suppliers, focus on the fine processing of parts, parts so as to improve the competitive advantage. Some vendors ignore production network adjustment by other suppliers in place, facing bankruptcy; and so on. Chinese each industry competent departments and governments at all levels based on the production of the best network development of the industry, the adjustment of law and the division of the reality, to influence and use of East Asian production network adjustment, promote industrial upgrading.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F121;F114.46

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