本文關(guān)鍵詞： 城鄉(xiāng)收入差距 公共物品供給 教育 醫(yī)療 投資 社會保障　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)取得了巨大的進(jìn)步，2001年中國加入世貿(mào)組織，2008年舉辦奧運(yùn)會，2010年中國經(jīng)濟(jì)總量趕超日本，躍居世界第二位，創(chuàng)造了一個中國奇跡。但是，在經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展的同時，中國也出現(xiàn)了較大的城鄉(xiāng)收入差距。1978年城鄉(xiāng)收入絕對差為209.8元，，1978-2011年城鄉(xiāng)收入差距呈直線上升，2011年達(dá)到14832.51元。隨著收入差距的不斷擴(kuò)大，中央開始高度重視城鄉(xiāng)一體化發(fā)展，把提高農(nóng)民收入放在各項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)工作的重要位置，并提出了一系列支農(nóng)惠農(nóng)政策，如取消農(nóng)業(yè)稅,對農(nóng)民給與直接補(bǔ)貼，但效果并不顯著，城鄉(xiāng)收入差距有進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大的趨勢。 本文首先建立了一個兩部門經(jīng)濟(jì)模型，分析了在兩部門經(jīng)濟(jì)達(dá)到均衡時公共產(chǎn)品供給差異與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距之間的關(guān)系，并在此基礎(chǔ)上具體分析了公共產(chǎn)品如教育、醫(yī)療、政府預(yù)算內(nèi)固定資產(chǎn)投資、社會保障的供給差異對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距影響的傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制。然后對城鄉(xiāng)公共產(chǎn)品供給差異與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距進(jìn)行整體現(xiàn)狀分析和區(qū)域現(xiàn)狀分析，現(xiàn)狀分析的結(jié)果表明，城鄉(xiāng)公共產(chǎn)品供給差異與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距成同方向變化。 在前文理論分析和現(xiàn)狀分析的基礎(chǔ)上，作者利用2006-2011年31個省、直轄市、自治區(qū)面板數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)證分析了城鄉(xiāng)公共產(chǎn)品供給差異對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響。實(shí)證結(jié)果表明城鄉(xiāng)教育，醫(yī)療，國家預(yù)算內(nèi)固定資產(chǎn)投資，社會保障等公共產(chǎn)品供給差異對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距產(chǎn)生了促進(jìn)作用，城鄉(xiāng)公共產(chǎn)品供給差異越大，城鄉(xiāng)收入差距越大。在公共產(chǎn)品供給差異中，城鄉(xiāng)教育資源差異對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距影響顯著，且城鄉(xiāng)小學(xué)教育資源差異對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響大于城鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)教育資源差異對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響。從區(qū)域分析看，城鄉(xiāng)國家預(yù)算內(nèi)固定資產(chǎn)投資差距和社會保障差距對東、中部地區(qū)的城鄉(xiāng)收入差距影響顯著，而城鄉(xiāng)教育資源的分配不均是造成西部地區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的重要原因之一。最后，在理論與實(shí)證分析的基礎(chǔ)上，作者從制度建設(shè)、資金監(jiān)督、城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)等方面有針對性地提出縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的政策建議。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has made great progress. China joined the WTO in 2001, held the Olympic Games in 2008, and in 2010, China's total economic volume overtook Japan, ranking second in the world, creating a China miracle. In 1978, the absolute difference between urban and rural income was 209.8 yuan. The income gap between urban and rural areas rose linearly in 1978-2011, and reached 14832.51 yuan in 2011. The central government began to attach great importance to the development of urban-rural integration and put the raising of farmers' income in an important position in various economic work. It put forward a series of policies to support agriculture and benefit agriculture, such as abolishing agricultural taxes and providing direct subsidies to farmers, but the effect was not significant. The income gap between urban and rural areas has a trend of further expansion. This paper first establishes a two-sector economic model, analyzes the relationship between the difference of public goods supply and the income gap between urban and rural areas when the two-sector economy reaches equilibrium, and then analyzes the public goods such as education, medical treatment, etc. The transmission mechanism of the influence of fixed asset investment and social security supply difference on the income gap between urban and rural areas in the government budget, and then the analysis of the overall status quo and the regional status quo of the difference in the supply of urban and rural public goods and the income gap between urban and rural areas. The results of present situation analysis show that the difference between urban and rural public goods supply and urban and rural income gap changes in the same direction. Based on the previous theoretical analysis and current situation analysis, the author empirically analyzes the effect of urban and rural public goods supply differences on the urban-rural income gap by using the panel data of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions from 2006 to 2011. The empirical results show that urban and rural education affects the income gap between urban and rural areas. The differences in the supply of public goods, such as medical treatment, fixed assets investment in the national budget, social security and other public goods, promote the urban-rural income gap. The greater the difference in the supply of urban and rural public goods, the greater the urban-rural income gap. The difference of urban and rural educational resources has a significant impact on the urban-rural income gap, and the difference of urban and rural primary school education resources has more influence on the urban-rural income gap than that of the urban and rural middle school education resource difference on the urban-rural income gap. The gap between fixed assets investment and social security in the urban and rural national budget has a significant impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas in the east and central regions, and the uneven distribution of urban and rural educational resources is one of the important reasons for the urban-rural income gap in the western region. On the basis of theoretical and empirical analysis, the author puts forward some policy suggestions to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas from the aspects of system construction, capital supervision and urbanization construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D630;F124.7

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