本文關鍵詞： 產業(yè)結構升級 勞動力極化 區(qū)域差異 偏向型技術 勞動力結構性短缺　出處：《安徽大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：自1978年改革開放以來,我國經(jīng)濟規(guī)�？偭坎粩鄶U大,逐漸成為世界上僅次于美國的第二大經(jīng)濟體,生產力發(fā)展水平和居民收入水平得到顯著提高,人民生活水平日益改善,勞動力就業(yè)水平不斷提升。但是,隨著經(jīng)濟全球化和信息革命的不斷深入發(fā)展,國際產業(yè)越來越呈現(xiàn)高端化、集聚化和創(chuàng)新化等特征,再則我國產業(yè)生產成本在不斷上升,國際貿易環(huán)境不斷惡化,資源與環(huán)境的日益緊張等,這些都使得我國產業(yè)結構面臨著轉型升級的壓力。同時,經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和產業(yè)結構的戰(zhàn)略性調整,也會促使我國勞動力就業(yè)市場發(fā)生著根本性變革,如"用工荒"、"大學生就業(yè)難"、"人口紅利消失"等勞動力結構性短缺問題,以及不同地區(qū)和不同行業(yè)對勞動力就業(yè)要求也發(fā)生著很大變化。面對這些矛盾,中共十七大和十八大都把"轉變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式,優(yōu)化產業(yè)結構,推動經(jīng)濟結構戰(zhàn)略性調整和促進區(qū)域協(xié)調發(fā)展"寫入報告,習近平總書記更是提出"供給側結構性改革"政策,以期共同推動我國經(jīng)濟結構性調整,使我國經(jīng)濟煥發(fā)新的生機與活力。20世紀90年代以來,美國、德國等西方發(fā)達國家普遍經(jīng)歷了勞動力"極化"現(xiàn)象(或就業(yè)"極化"),即高技能勞動者和低技能勞動者的就業(yè)份額不斷增加而中技能勞動者就業(yè)份額出現(xiàn)不斷降低的趨勢,這種現(xiàn)象引起了國外學者的關注。勞動力"極化"現(xiàn)象產生的主要原因:一是技能偏向型技術進步;二是國際貿易和外包;三是產業(yè)結構升級。那么,隨著我國產業(yè)結構的不斷調整和供給側結構性改革的深入進行,我國勞動力市場是否也會出現(xiàn)這種情況,即產業(yè)結構升級是否也會引致勞動力"極化"現(xiàn)象,這是本文所研究的出發(fā)點也是重點。因此,本文利用2001-2015年省際面板數(shù)據(jù)考察了我國產業(yè)結構升級是否引致勞動力"極化"現(xiàn)象,實證結果顯示:產業(yè)結構升級導致了勞動力"極化"現(xiàn)象的產生,并且還存在區(qū)域差異性。其中,東部地區(qū)呈現(xiàn)高技能偏向型,中部地區(qū)出現(xiàn)勞動力"極化"現(xiàn)象而西部地區(qū)則是非技能型特點。另外,技術進步和國際貿易都使勞動力市場呈現(xiàn)高技能偏向型的特點,并且后文會分析出現(xiàn)這種結果的原因。結合上述研究結果,為推動我國經(jīng)濟結構戰(zhàn)略性調整,推動產業(yè)結構轉型升級、提高勞動力素質以及充分發(fā)揮勞動力異質性作用,本文建議堅持以供給側結構性改革為主線,運用"互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+"和"大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新"等發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,推動我國經(jīng)濟"新常態(tài)"發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Since 1978, since the reform and opening up, the total economic scale of our country has been continuously expanded, gradually becoming the second largest economy after the United States in the world, the level of productivity development and the level of residents' income have been remarkably improved, and the living standards of the people have been improved day by day. However, with the continuous development of economic globalization and the information revolution, international industries are becoming more and more high-end, agglomeration and innovation. Moreover, the production costs of Chinese industries are constantly rising. The deteriorating international trade environment and the increasingly tight resources and environment make the industrial structure of our country face the pressure of transformation and upgrading. At the same time, the economic development and the strategic adjustment of the industrial structure, It will also lead to fundamental changes in the labor market in China, such as "shortage of workers", "difficult for college students to find jobs", "loss of demographic dividends" and other structural labor shortage problems. And the requirements for labor force employment in different regions and industries have also undergone great changes. In the face of these contradictions, most of the 17th CPC National Congress and 18 have "changed the mode of economic development and optimized the industrial structure." Promoting strategic readjustment of the economic structure and promoting coordinated regional development "are included in the report, and General Secretary Xi Jinping has put forward the policy of" supply-side structural reform "with a view to jointly promoting the structural adjustment of China's economy. New vitality and vitality of our economy. Since 90s of the 20th century, the United States, The western developed countries such as Germany have generally experienced the phenomenon of "polarization" of labor force (or "polarization" of employment, that is, the employment share of high-skilled and low-skilled workers is increasing and the employment share of middle-skilled workers is decreasing. This phenomenon has aroused the attention of foreign scholars. The main reasons for the phenomenon of "polarization" of labor force are as follows: first, the technological progress of skill bias; second, international trade and outsourcing; and third, upgrading of industrial structure. With the continuous adjustment of China's industrial structure and the deepening of supply-side structural reform, will this kind of situation also occur in China's labor market, that is, whether the upgrading of industrial structure will also lead to the phenomenon of labor force "polarization"? This is the starting point and the key point of this paper. Therefore, this paper uses the inter-provincial panel data from 2001 to 2015 to investigate whether the upgrading of industrial structure in China leads to the phenomenon of "polarization" of labor force. The empirical results show that the upgrading of industrial structure leads to the phenomenon of "polarization" of labor force, and there are regional differences. The phenomenon of "polarization" of labor force in the central region and the unskilled character in the western region. In addition, technological progress and international trade have made the labour market more highly skilled and biased. Combined with the above research results, in order to promote the strategic adjustment of China's economic structure, promote the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, improve the quality of labor force, and give full play to the role of labor force heterogeneity, This paper suggests that we should take supply-side structural reform as the main line and use the development strategies such as "Internet" and "mass entrepreneurship, mass innovation" to promote the "new normal" development of our economy.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F121.3;F249.21

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