本文關(guān)鍵詞：人口老齡化對(duì)我國(guó)收入不平等的影響探究　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 人口老齡化 收入不平等 老齡化系數(shù) 頂部老齡化 底部老齡化

【摘要】：改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)一直保持高速增長(zhǎng),但居民收入差距不斷擴(kuò)大。世界銀行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)資料顯示,1998年中國(guó)的基尼系數(shù)為0.403,2001年為0.45,2004年上升到0.47,收入不平等狀況正在日趨嚴(yán)重已是事實(shí)。與此同時(shí),可以觀察到這恰好也是我國(guó)人口老齡化逐漸凸顯的時(shí)期。2000年,我國(guó)65歲以上人口占總?cè)丝诒戎爻^(guò)7%,標(biāo)志著我國(guó)已進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì)。根據(jù)2016年《中國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》數(shù)據(jù),2015年65歲以上人口占總?cè)丝诘谋戎匾呀?jīng)達(dá)到10.5%,超過(guò)世界平均水平,我國(guó)已成為老齡化較為嚴(yán)重的發(fā)展中國(guó)家。人口老齡化和收入不平等作為我國(guó)較為突出的兩個(gè)現(xiàn)象,老齡化是否對(duì)收入不平等有一定的影響?目前我國(guó)正處在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和人口轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,研究這一問(wèn)題將有利于緩解人口老齡化給收入分配帶來(lái)的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),對(duì)于優(yōu)化人口結(jié)構(gòu)、調(diào)整收入分配政策具有重要的意義。關(guān)于人口老齡化對(duì)收入不平等影響的研究,國(guó)外大多采用跨國(guó)或者國(guó)別數(shù)據(jù),國(guó)內(nèi)則按照農(nóng)村地區(qū)和城鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)分別進(jìn)行研究,很少將我國(guó)各省份作為研究對(duì)象。其次,多數(shù)研究都止于檢驗(yàn)老齡化對(duì)居民收入不平等的影響方向,并未深入分析這種影響主要是來(lái)源于頂部老齡化還是底部老齡化。最后,從不同經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平下、不同老齡化水平下兩個(gè)角度探究人口老焌化對(duì)收入不平等的影響是否存在差異的文獻(xiàn)非常少。因此,本文將在研究老齡化對(duì)收入不平等的影響機(jī)制的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)老齡化作用的異質(zhì)性進(jìn)行考察,對(duì)已有研究作進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充與拓展,以期能更客觀全面地反應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)實(shí)�；诖�,本文運(yùn)用我國(guó)1998年～2014年省際面板數(shù)據(jù),分析了老齡化對(duì)收入不平等的影響。實(shí)證結(jié)果表明,老齡化會(huì)顯著地?cái)U(kuò)大收入不平等,并且這種影響主要來(lái)自頂部老齡化,因?yàn)椴煌挲g群體內(nèi)的收入不平等是隨著年齡增加而上升的。對(duì)控制變量的研究結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平與收入不平等呈現(xiàn)倒U型規(guī)律特征,外資開(kāi)放程度、城市化水平以及人力資本水平的提高都會(huì)縮小收入不平等,提高金融發(fā)展水平和對(duì)外貿(mào)易程度反而會(huì)擴(kuò)大收入不平等。在考慮到內(nèi)生性問(wèn)題和異常樣本點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,并運(yùn)用工具變量法和系統(tǒng)廣義矩估計(jì)方法進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),上述結(jié)論依舊穩(wěn)健。對(duì)老齡化作用異質(zhì)性研究發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平較高或者老齡化水平較高的省份,人口老齡化對(duì)收入不平等的作用更大。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has maintained rapid growth, but the income gap is expanding. The world bank data show that in 1998 the Gini coefficient Chinese for 0.4032001 years for 0.452004 years up to 0.47, income inequality is increasingly serious. It is a fact that can be observed at the same time, which is precisely the population aging in China the emerging period of.2000 years, China's population aged over 65 accounted for the proportion of the total population of more than 7%, indicates that China has entered the aging society. According to 2016 statistical yearbook > < China data, 2015 people over the age of 65 in the proportion of the total population has reached 10.5%, more than the average level of the world, our country has become the aged more serious in developing countries. Two the phenomenon of aging population and income inequality in China is more prominent, whether aging has a certain impact on the income inequality at present? China is in a critical period of economic development and population transformation, will help alleviate the severe challenges of population aging brings to the income distribution research of this problem, to optimize the population structure, is of great significance to adjust the policy of income distribution. On the aging of the population on the impact of income inequality, most of the foreign or multinational country according to the data, the domestic rural areas and urban areas were studied, and rarely in various provinces of China as the research object. Secondly, most studies to test the aging of the residents' income inequality affect the direction, not in-depth analysis of this effect is mainly derived from the top or bottom of the aging aging. Finally, from under different level of economic development, different aging level under the two perspective of old population Jun impact on income inequality whether there are differences in the literature for very little. This paper will be based on this, the influence mechanism of income inequality in the study of aging, inspect the heterogeneity of the aging effect, further complement the existing research and development, in order to more objectively and comprehensively reflect economic reality. Based on this, this paper in China from 1998 to 2014 the provincial panel data analysis of the impact of aging on income inequality. The empirical results show that the aging population will significantly increase income inequality, and this influence mainly from the top of the aging, because of the different age groups in income inequality is increasing with the increase of age. The control variables study results show that the economic development level and income presents the characteristics of inverted U type inequality law, foreign openness, city level and improve the level of human capital will reduce income inequality, improve the level of financial development and foreign trade. It will enlarge the income inequality. In considering the endogeneity problem and the abnormal samples, and using the instrumental variable method and System GMM estimation method of testing, the results are still robust. The study of heterogeneity of effects on aging, a higher level of economic development or aging with higher levels of provinces, the aging population more on the role of income inequality.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：C924.24;F124.7

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 謝聰;人口老齡化對(duì)我國(guó)收入不平等的影響探究[D];武漢大學(xué);2017年

，

本文編號(hào)：1399075