本文關(guān)鍵詞：貿(mào)易開放對(duì)中國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的影響研究　出處：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 貿(mào)易開放 城鄉(xiāng)收入差距 不平等 城鎮(zhèn)化 貿(mào)易政策

【摘要】：伴隨著貿(mào)易開放政策的推進(jìn),中國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民的收入差距不斷擴(kuò)大。根據(jù)權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)的相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì),1978年中國(guó)的基尼系數(shù)僅為0.25,到了2000年以后,基尼系數(shù)大幅度上升,整體運(yùn)行在國(guó)際公認(rèn)的0.4警戒線以上。除國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局公布的數(shù)據(jù)外,一些影響頗深的學(xué)者也致力于這方面的研究。2012年.12月9日,西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)中國(guó)家庭金融調(diào)查與研究中心公布有關(guān)基尼系數(shù)的最新調(diào)查結(jié)果,2010年中國(guó)家庭的基尼系數(shù)為0.61,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于0.44的全世界平均水平。不論是官方公布的數(shù)據(jù)還是民間調(diào)查得到的數(shù)據(jù),盡管抽樣方法和統(tǒng)計(jì)口徑有些差異,但是這些數(shù)據(jù)足以說(shuō)明,中國(guó)的收入差距不斷增大已經(jīng)成為不爭(zhēng)的事實(shí)。 根據(jù)國(guó)際貿(mào)易與收入分配的相關(guān)理論,貿(mào)易在一定程度上會(huì)對(duì)收入分配產(chǎn)生影響。基于中國(guó)三十多年改革開放的實(shí)際情況,直觀上,我們目睹了中國(guó)的貧富差距伴隨著貿(mào)易開放的逐步深入而日益擴(kuò)大。那么,我們隨之產(chǎn)生了一系列的疑問(wèn)：貿(mào)易開放是否對(duì)中國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)間居民的收入分配產(chǎn)生影響,影響程度如何?它是通過(guò)哪種途徑影響的?它究竟是擴(kuò)大還是縮小了城鄉(xiāng)間居民的收入差距? 本文首先分析了中國(guó)貿(mào)易開放和城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的現(xiàn)狀,外貿(mào)總量不斷攀升,對(duì)外依存度急劇上升,外貿(mào)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí),而城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距卻在不斷拉大；接著,基于中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易的主要特點(diǎn),對(duì)貿(mào)易開放影響收入分配的機(jī)制和途徑進(jìn)行了深入探討,并主要從貿(mào)易政策、商品價(jià)格機(jī)制、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、外商直接投資、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和政府這六個(gè)角度來(lái)分析貿(mào)易開放對(duì)收入分配的影響機(jī)制；最后,利用1985-2012年時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù),采用相關(guān)分析、ADF單位根檢驗(yàn)、JJ協(xié)整檢驗(yàn)和格蘭杰因果關(guān)系檢驗(yàn),得出以下結(jié)論：對(duì)外依存度、出口依存度、進(jìn)口依存度、人均實(shí)際GDP的增長(zhǎng)率、高等教育普及程度的增長(zhǎng)率以及城鎮(zhèn)化水平的增長(zhǎng)率都是基尼系數(shù)的Granger原因,并且對(duì)外依存度、出口依存度、進(jìn)口依存度和城鎮(zhèn)化水平的增長(zhǎng)率這四個(gè)變量的提高會(huì)加劇我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距。其中,對(duì)外依存度每上升1%,基尼系數(shù)就增長(zhǎng)52.5%；出口依存度每上升1%,基尼系數(shù)就增長(zhǎng)87.9%；進(jìn)口依存度每上升1%,基尼系數(shù)將增加124.7%。 從實(shí)證結(jié)果我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)外依存度、出口依存度和進(jìn)口依存度都是基尼系數(shù)的Granger原因;隨著對(duì)外依存度、出口依存度和進(jìn)口依存度的提高,我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距呈現(xiàn)不斷擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì)。換句話說(shuō),出口和進(jìn)口共同拉大了我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距,并且進(jìn)口的擴(kuò)大作用明顯高于出口。這顯然與SS定理相悖。貿(mào)易開放除了從貿(mào)易政策、商品價(jià)格機(jī)制、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、外商直接投資以及政府這五個(gè)途徑影響城鄉(xiāng)收入差距以外,筆者從以下三個(gè)途徑解釋了本文的實(shí)證結(jié)果。首先,貿(mào)易開放通過(guò)惡化貿(mào)易條件指數(shù)拉大我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距；其次,貿(mào)易開放通過(guò)拉大技能工人與非技能工人之間的收入差距從而擴(kuò)大我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距；最后貿(mào)易開放通過(guò)加快我國(guó)的城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程,進(jìn)一步加劇城鄉(xiāng)收入差距。
[Abstract]:With the open trade policies to promote urban and rural residents, China the widening income gap. According to authoritative statistics, in 1978 the Gene coefficient China was only 0.25, after 2000, the Gene coefficient increased to a great extent, the overall operation in more than 0.4 of the internationally recognized warning line. In addition to the national Bureau of statistics. Study on.2012 deep influence scholars committed to the annual.12 month 9 days, the latest survey results on Gene coefficient of Southwestern University of Finance and Economics announced China family financial investigation and Research Center, 2010 Chinese family Gene coefficient is 0.61, greater than 0.44 of the world average level. Whether to get official data or the folk investigation data, although sampling and statistical methods are different, but the data shows that the increase of China income gap has become an indisputable Fact.
According to the relevant theories of international trade and income distribution, trade will have an impact on the income distribution in a certain extent. The actual situation, Chinese thirty years of reform and opening up based on intuitively, we have witnessed China the gap between the rich and the poor with trade and opening up gradually growing. So, we produced a series of questions: whether the open trade income distribution between urban and rural residents of Chinese impact, influence how? It is affected by what kind of way? What is it expand or shrink the urban and rural residents income gap?
This paper first analyzes the status quo of China trade openness and the urban-rural income gap, the foreign trade volume continues to rise, the degree of dependence on foreign trade increased sharply, to upgrade the product structure, and the urban-rural income gap is widening; then, the main characteristics of Chinese foreign trade based on trade openness and income distribution mechanism and the way of the in-depth study, and mainly from trade policy, commodity price mechanism, economic growth, foreign direct investment, the six aspects of industrial structure and government to analyze the influence mechanism of trade liberalization on income distribution; finally, using the 1985-2012 time series data, using correlation analysis, ADF unit root test, JJ cointegration test and Grainger causality test, draw the following conclusions: the dependence on foreign trade, export dependence, dependence on imports, per capita real GDP growth rate, the growth rate of the popularity of Higher Education The level of urbanization and the growth rate is the Granger reason of Gene coefficient, and the dependence on foreign trade, export dependence, import dependence and the level of urbanization and the growth rate of the four variables increase will exacerbate the income gap between urban and rural areas. Among them, external dependence is increased by 1%, the Gene coefficient on export growth of 52.5%; the degree of dependence on Gene coefficient increased by 1%, growth of 87.9%; import dependency increased by 1%, the Gene coefficient will be increased by 124.7%.
From the empirical results we find that the degree of external dependence, dependence on export and import dependence is the Granger reason of Gini coefficient; with external dependence, dependence on export and import dependence of China's urban-rural income gap presents a trend of expansion. In other words, export and import of common widening China's income gap between urban and rural areas, and expand the role of imports was significantly higher than that of exports. This is clearly contrary. Trade openness and SS theorem, apart from trade policy, commodity price mechanism, economic growth, the income gap between the outside of the influence of these five ways of urban and rural areas of foreign direct investment and the government, the author explains the empirical results of this paper from the following three ways first, trade openness by worsening terms of trade index pull the income gap between urban and rural areas in our country; secondly, by widening the trade openness between skilled workers and unskilled workers so as to expand the income gap The income gap between urban and rural areas in China is greater, and the last trade opening is further exacerbated by the urbanization process in China, which further aggravates the income gap between urban and rural areas.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F752;F124.7

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