環(huán)境犯罪的預(yù)防與懲罰
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-19 14:03
【摘要】：人類與環(huán)境的關(guān)系十分復(fù)雜，社會(huì)在不斷向前發(fā)展，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化加強(qiáng)，區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)開放擴(kuò)大，經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)雖然發(fā)生了變化，但是人們向自然索取的能力愈來(lái)愈強(qiáng)。新的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下要求資源利用與開發(fā)水平提高，人們大量挖掘地球的資源，砍伐森林，破壞珍貴野生動(dòng)物，使得它們居無(wú)定所，人們?cè)谙硎苤S盛物質(zhì)回報(bào)的同時(shí)卻也品嘗著大自然帶來(lái)的各種苦果。環(huán)境破壞的同時(shí)隱藏著各種各樣潛在的環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，各種突發(fā)性環(huán)境事故增多，地震和洪澇等自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā)，霧霾天氣侵襲全國(guó)，造成重大人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失，到目前為止,全國(guó)性霧霾天氣的侵襲造成人們各種疾病的突發(fā)，黃河上游漂流的成千死豬造成了嚴(yán)重的水污染，引發(fā)各種環(huán)境災(zāi)難。尤其今年，我國(guó)發(fā)生石油管道爆炸，原油損失千萬(wàn)元，人員傷亡慘重，水土污染和汽車尾氣的排放嚴(yán)重超過(guò)環(huán)境所能負(fù)擔(dān)的，導(dǎo)致霧霾天氣增多，間接引起的自然災(zāi)害數(shù)不勝數(shù)，中小企業(yè)的化工排泄不達(dá)標(biāo)，使得環(huán)境污染事故頻繁發(fā)生，由于環(huán)境突發(fā)事件的緊急和不可預(yù)測(cè)，使得人們很難積極應(yīng)對(duì)，不能有效減少損失的擴(kuò)大，給人們生活造成嚴(yán)重的危險(xiǎn)隱患，不僅是財(cái)產(chǎn)上帶來(lái)重大損失，也給經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和社會(huì)的和諧帶來(lái)了很多不穩(wěn)定的因素，如果人們繼續(xù)的破壞自然資源環(huán)境，后果將不堪設(shè)想�，F(xiàn)在各國(guó)的環(huán)境問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重，大多采用單獨(dú)立法或在行政法中規(guī)定環(huán)境處罰，形成了很強(qiáng)的依附性，但是仍然不能起到很好的作用，破壞環(huán)境的行為仍然存在，重大環(huán)境事故經(jīng)常發(fā)生，尤其放射性物質(zhì)的泄露，例如日本地震后的核污染問(wèn)題和海上石油泄露造成的油污就是很好的例子，為忽略環(huán)境保護(hù)的人們敲響了警鐘，為子孫后代造成隱患。 我國(guó)雖然地大物博，自然資源充足，，但是人類肆無(wú)忌憚的索取也終將會(huì)枯竭，尤其最近幾年，經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展速度過(guò)快，對(duì)于自然資源的索取也超速發(fā)展，在我國(guó)很多煤礦地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了土地塌陷問(wèn)題，長(zhǎng)江黃河的瀕臨物種幾乎滅絕，南方地區(qū)出現(xiàn)土地裂縫，所有的這一切都與我們不珍惜資源，浪費(fèi)資源和污染資源有關(guān)。我國(guó)水土等自然資源的污染和破壞十分嚴(yán)重，有害物質(zhì)的排放和重大突發(fā)災(zāi)害不能得到有效治理和預(yù)防，因?yàn)槲廴緡?yán)重造成的重大環(huán)境事故不斷上演，為了改變這一現(xiàn)狀，我國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)積極對(duì)于損害環(huán)境的行為進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的制裁。 雖然我國(guó)在環(huán)境立法上不斷完善，相繼推出許多相關(guān)的環(huán)境法律條文規(guī)定。但是我國(guó)對(duì)環(huán)境犯罪的立法不夠成熟，缺乏完整環(huán)境犯罪處罰機(jī)制，造成環(huán)境事件爆發(fā)后，行政處罰不及時(shí)，以至于不能起到震懾作用。我們必須清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到，在我國(guó)，政府官員和公民環(huán)境意識(shí)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)和危機(jī)意識(shí)很弱，人們基本上認(rèn)識(shí)不到自己的行為會(huì)為以后的生活帶來(lái)多少副作用，也不會(huì)為子孫后代考慮到未來(lái)的環(huán)境危機(jī)，所以加強(qiáng)環(huán)境立法和建立合理的懲罰機(jī)制迫在眉睫。 本文將對(duì)我國(guó)環(huán)境犯罪刑事法律規(guī)定進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析，首先從環(huán)境犯罪的演進(jìn)歷程探尋其產(chǎn)生的根源。借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的研究經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，探索懲治環(huán)境犯罪的對(duì)策。其次，從環(huán)境犯罪的體系規(guī)定和處罰等方面分析我國(guó)環(huán)境犯罪立法存在的不足，對(duì)我國(guó)環(huán)境犯罪的預(yù)防和立法提出建議，以便對(duì)促進(jìn)我國(guó)環(huán)境犯罪立法的研究有所裨益。
[Abstract]:The relationship between the human and the environment is very complex, the society is developing continuously, the economic integration of the world is strengthened, the economic opening of the region is enlarged, the economic structure has changed, but the ability of people to request nature is getting stronger and stronger. Under the new economic environment, the utilization and development level of the resources is improved, and the resources of the earth, the deforestation and the destruction of the precious wild animals are greatly mined, so that the people of the earth, while enjoying the return of the abundant material, also taste the various bitter fruits of the nature. the environment is destroyed, various potential environmental risks are hidden, various sudden environmental accidents are increased, natural disasters such as earthquake and flood and the like are frequent, the haze weather is affected by the whole country, and the heavy casualties and the property damage are caused, so far, The invasion of the national haze weather has caused various diseases, and the thousands of dead pigs in the upper reaches of the Yellow River have caused serious water pollution and caused various environmental disasters. in particular, that oil pipeline explosion in our country this year, the loss of crude oil is ten thousand yuan, the personnel are heavy, the water and soil pollution and the emission of the tail gas of the automobile are more than the energy that the environment can bear, resulting in the increase of the haze and the number of natural disasters caused by the indirect cause. the chemical discharge of the small and medium-sized enterprises is not up to the standard, so that the environmental pollution accidents happen frequently, It is not only a great loss in the property, but also to the development of the economy and the harmony of the society. If people continue to destroy the natural resources environment, the consequences will be unimaginable. At present, the environmental problems of all countries are serious, most of them adopt separate legislation or impose the environment punishment in administrative law, and form strong dependence, but still can not play a very good role, the act of destroying the environment still exists, and major environmental accidents often occur, In particular, the leakage of radioactive material, such as the nuclear pollution problem after the earthquake in Japan and the oil pollution caused by the oil leakage at sea, is a good example. It is a wake-up call for people who ignore the environmental protection, which can cause hidden trouble for future generations. Although there are abundant natural resources and abundant natural resources in China, the unscrupulous acquisition of human resources will eventually be exhausted, especially in recent years, the economic development speed is too fast, and the request for natural resources is over-speed development, and the land collapse in many coal mine areas in China The endangered species of the Yellow River in the Yangtze River are almost extinct, and there is a land crack in the southern region. The pollution and destruction of natural resources such as water and soil in China are very serious, and the emission of harmful substances and major sudden disasters cannot be effectively managed and prevented, as the serious environmental accidents caused by the pollution are constantly on stage and in order to change the present situation As a result, our country should make a strict system of the act of damaging the environment. In spite of the continuous improvement of the environmental legislation in our country, many relevant environmental laws and regulations have been introduced successively However, in our country, the legislation of environmental crime is not mature enough, and the system of punishment for the whole environment crime is lacking, and after the explosion of the environment, the administrative penalty is not timely so that it can't play a role in earthquake We must clearly recognize that in our country, government officials and citizens have a weak sense of environmental awareness, consciousness of consciousness and sense of crisis, and people are largely unaware of how many side effects of their actions will bring to a future life and will not take into account future rings for future generations The crisis of the environment, so strengthening the environmental legislation and establishing a reasonable mechanism of punishment In this paper, the system analysis of the criminal law of China's environmental crime will be systematically analyzed, and the evolution of the environmental crime is first explored from the course of the evolution of the environment crime. On the basis of the research and experience of domestic and foreign scholars, and explore the punishment environment The countermeasures of crime are analyzed. Secondly, the deficiency of the legislation of environmental crime in China is analyzed from the aspects of system regulation and punishment of environmental crime, and the suggestions on prevention and legislation of environmental crime in China are put forward, so as to study the legislation of environmental crime in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924.36
[Abstract]:The relationship between the human and the environment is very complex, the society is developing continuously, the economic integration of the world is strengthened, the economic opening of the region is enlarged, the economic structure has changed, but the ability of people to request nature is getting stronger and stronger. Under the new economic environment, the utilization and development level of the resources is improved, and the resources of the earth, the deforestation and the destruction of the precious wild animals are greatly mined, so that the people of the earth, while enjoying the return of the abundant material, also taste the various bitter fruits of the nature. the environment is destroyed, various potential environmental risks are hidden, various sudden environmental accidents are increased, natural disasters such as earthquake and flood and the like are frequent, the haze weather is affected by the whole country, and the heavy casualties and the property damage are caused, so far, The invasion of the national haze weather has caused various diseases, and the thousands of dead pigs in the upper reaches of the Yellow River have caused serious water pollution and caused various environmental disasters. in particular, that oil pipeline explosion in our country this year, the loss of crude oil is ten thousand yuan, the personnel are heavy, the water and soil pollution and the emission of the tail gas of the automobile are more than the energy that the environment can bear, resulting in the increase of the haze and the number of natural disasters caused by the indirect cause. the chemical discharge of the small and medium-sized enterprises is not up to the standard, so that the environmental pollution accidents happen frequently, It is not only a great loss in the property, but also to the development of the economy and the harmony of the society. If people continue to destroy the natural resources environment, the consequences will be unimaginable. At present, the environmental problems of all countries are serious, most of them adopt separate legislation or impose the environment punishment in administrative law, and form strong dependence, but still can not play a very good role, the act of destroying the environment still exists, and major environmental accidents often occur, In particular, the leakage of radioactive material, such as the nuclear pollution problem after the earthquake in Japan and the oil pollution caused by the oil leakage at sea, is a good example. It is a wake-up call for people who ignore the environmental protection, which can cause hidden trouble for future generations. Although there are abundant natural resources and abundant natural resources in China, the unscrupulous acquisition of human resources will eventually be exhausted, especially in recent years, the economic development speed is too fast, and the request for natural resources is over-speed development, and the land collapse in many coal mine areas in China The endangered species of the Yellow River in the Yangtze River are almost extinct, and there is a land crack in the southern region. The pollution and destruction of natural resources such as water and soil in China are very serious, and the emission of harmful substances and major sudden disasters cannot be effectively managed and prevented, as the serious environmental accidents caused by the pollution are constantly on stage and in order to change the present situation As a result, our country should make a strict system of the act of damaging the environment. In spite of the continuous improvement of the environmental legislation in our country, many relevant environmental laws and regulations have been introduced successively However, in our country, the legislation of environmental crime is not mature enough, and the system of punishment for the whole environment crime is lacking, and after the explosion of the environment, the administrative penalty is not timely so that it can't play a role in earthquake We must clearly recognize that in our country, government officials and citizens have a weak sense of environmental awareness, consciousness of consciousness and sense of crisis, and people are largely unaware of how many side effects of their actions will bring to a future life and will not take into account future rings for future generations The crisis of the environment, so strengthening the environmental legislation and establishing a reasonable mechanism of punishment In this paper, the system analysis of the criminal law of China's environmental crime will be systematically analyzed, and the evolution of the environmental crime is first explored from the course of the evolution of the environment crime. On the basis of the research and experience of domestic and foreign scholars, and explore the punishment environment The countermeasures of crime are analyzed. Secondly, the deficiency of the legislation of environmental crime in China is analyzed from the aspects of system regulation and punishment of environmental crime, and the suggestions on prevention and legislation of environmental crime in China are put forward, so as to study the legislation of environmental crime in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924.36
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 張勇;;環(huán)境污染刑事案件中嚴(yán)格責(zé)任與推定原則問(wèn)題探討[J];北京政法職業(yè)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2005年04期
2 牛建平;;環(huán)境友好型社會(huì)與環(huán)境犯罪立法的完善[J];重慶大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2010年01期
3 陳晟;周珂;;論環(huán)境犯罪的刑事處罰[J];東南學(xué)術(shù);2009年01期
4 莊勁;論傳染病犯罪的因果關(guān)系[J];福建政法管理干部學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2004年02期
5 劉曉山;;報(bào)應(yīng)論與預(yù)防論的融合與分配——刑罰正當(dāng)化根據(jù)新論[J];法學(xué)評(píng)論;2011年01期
6 韋玉成;;論我國(guó)環(huán)境刑事立法的不足與完善[J];法制與社會(huì);2009年08期
7 趙赤,田信橋;論西方環(huán)境刑法的發(fā)展形態(tài)及其啟示[J];廣西民族學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2005年05期
8 張旭;高s
本文編號(hào)：2426570
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/jingjilunwen/quyujingjilunwen/2426570.html
最近更新
教材專著
