【摘要】：西藏是青藏高原的主體,具有海拔高,地域遼闊,自然條件復(fù)雜,生態(tài)環(huán)境千差萬別,脆弱生態(tài)環(huán)境表現(xiàn)出類型多、范圍廣、時(shí)空演變快等特點(diǎn)。既是我國(guó)極強(qiáng)度生態(tài)脆弱區(qū),又是我國(guó)藏族人口聚居和相對(duì)貧困地區(qū)。同時(shí),西藏地處獨(dú)特的大地構(gòu)造位置,具有良好的成礦地質(zhì)條件,孕育了豐富的礦產(chǎn)資源。西藏礦業(yè)在為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展提供重要的能源和原材料保障的同時(shí),對(duì)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生顯著的影響,是本區(qū)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)之一,更是帶動(dòng)周邊相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展、體現(xiàn)本區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)水平與綜合實(shí)力的核心動(dòng)力與重要標(biāo)志。從經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)活動(dòng)與生態(tài)環(huán)境演化的歷史過程來看,生態(tài)環(huán)境是經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)活動(dòng)的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)活動(dòng)則是生態(tài)環(huán)境演化的主要?jiǎng)恿碓�。近幾十年�?生態(tài)環(huán)境與人類活動(dòng)之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng),生態(tài)環(huán)境越來越深刻地受到人類經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)活動(dòng)的影響。因而,針對(duì)脆弱的生態(tài)環(huán)境,不是完全不進(jìn)行開發(fā)利用和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,而是如何順應(yīng)生態(tài)環(huán)境變化,適應(yīng)脆弱的生態(tài)環(huán)境,最終達(dá)到避免其向不利方向進(jìn)一步惡化,實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境和當(dāng)?shù)厝祟惿畹某掷m(xù)發(fā)展和改善。耦合在物理學(xué)上指的是兩個(gè)(或兩個(gè)以上)體系或運(yùn)動(dòng)形式之間通過各種相互作用而彼此影響的現(xiàn)象。具體落實(shí)到礦業(yè)開發(fā)與脆弱生態(tài)區(qū)的分布上,指的是礦業(yè)開發(fā)與脆弱生態(tài)環(huán)境兩者間的相互聯(lián)系、相互影響而產(chǎn)生的地理空間分布上的一致性。如何實(shí)現(xiàn)礦業(yè)開發(fā)與脆弱生態(tài)區(qū)分布的良性耦合,將有助于分析生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式,并為生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)綠色礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供決策依據(jù)。礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)與環(huán)境矛盾在貧困地區(qū)更集中突出地表現(xiàn)為生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性與礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展之間的矛盾。論文探索并歸納了綠色礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的理論基礎(chǔ)。系統(tǒng)地調(diào)查研究西藏自治區(qū)礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)利用現(xiàn)狀,分析礦業(yè)對(duì)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)力。在此基礎(chǔ)上,界定并分析生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)特征,評(píng)價(jià)西藏生態(tài)脆弱度并進(jìn)行區(qū)劃,闡明不同脆弱區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)特征,分析生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱區(qū)與礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的良性耦合關(guān)系,提出綠色礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的路徑和發(fā)展模式。探討西藏生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)礦業(yè)開發(fā)利用、生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)和綠色礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的政策建議。論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:第1章緒論。闡述了論文選題目的和意義,從學(xué)術(shù)研究和應(yīng)用的角度,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外綠色礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了綜述,提出了西藏生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)綠色礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式選題的重要意義,對(duì)論文研究的主要路線、思路、基本框架、野外調(diào)研和資料的收集整理、主要的研究方法、主要內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行了高度綜合,并指出了論文中的關(guān)鍵創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)。第2章,探索并歸納出綠色礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的理論基礎(chǔ)。綠色礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)就是在礦業(yè)開發(fā)利用的過程中,以生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論為指導(dǎo),綜合運(yùn)用綠色礦業(yè)技術(shù)體系,在礦業(yè)開發(fā)利用過程中對(duì)環(huán)境擾動(dòng)量不大于區(qū)域環(huán)境容量及其自凈能力的前提下,優(yōu)化配置礦產(chǎn)資源,達(dá)到經(jīng)濟(jì)最優(yōu)、社區(qū)和諧、生態(tài)環(huán)境友好的一種經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)。礦業(yè)開發(fā)利用必定會(huì)產(chǎn)生負(fù)的外部性,并且具有明顯的雙向效用,產(chǎn)生正、負(fù)兩方面的價(jià)值,當(dāng)ΔV0時(shí),實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)—經(jīng)濟(jì)—環(huán)境系統(tǒng)的綜合價(jià)值最大化;產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué)理論認(rèn)為,礦業(yè)系統(tǒng)類似于生物界生態(tài)系統(tǒng),將相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈聯(lián)系成龐大的共生網(wǎng)絡(luò),在追求獲得更高生產(chǎn)效率的同時(shí),實(shí)現(xiàn)最低的廢棄物的排放量,改善共生系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性、降低共生系統(tǒng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、提高共生系統(tǒng)的防御性,從而優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)和環(huán)境之間的相互作用。因此,以綠色礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)內(nèi)涵及其特點(diǎn)為基礎(chǔ),綜合外部性理論、綠色礦業(yè)價(jià)值理論和產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)理論,共同構(gòu)成了綠色礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的理論基礎(chǔ)。第3章,調(diào)研并分析西藏生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)。西藏獨(dú)特的大地構(gòu)造環(huán)境和優(yōu)越的成礦地質(zhì)條件,孕育了豐富的礦產(chǎn)資源。西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施和國(guó)土資源大調(diào)查工作的全面開展,提高了西藏地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)資源勘查程度,提出了成礦潛力區(qū)(帶)。綜合運(yùn)用貢獻(xiàn)力指標(biāo)和計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)模型,對(duì)西藏礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)力進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析。結(jié)果表明:在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、提高全區(qū)GDP方面,西藏礦業(yè)工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值與GDP呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,對(duì)全區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展具有顯著影響,經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)力大;在改善全區(qū)就業(yè)情況方面并沒有明顯的促進(jìn)作用,經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)力一般。隨著礦業(yè)供給側(cè)改革的深入,西藏礦業(yè)無論從推動(dòng)GDP增長(zhǎng)的角度,亦或是從改善全區(qū)就業(yè)情況的角度,均有待進(jìn)一步提高。第4章,初步評(píng)價(jià)并區(qū)劃西藏生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)。生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)是指具有環(huán)境自身結(jié)構(gòu)性不穩(wěn)定、對(duì)外部干擾因素反應(yīng)較敏感因而在外界的干擾下易于向環(huán)境惡化的方向發(fā)展,且自我恢復(fù)力較差的生態(tài)環(huán)境區(qū)域。具有環(huán)境敏感性強(qiáng),系統(tǒng)抗干擾能力弱、環(huán)境退化趨勢(shì)明顯、承載著重要的生態(tài)功能、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的可持性差,政府公共服務(wù)能力弱和多種矛盾匯集的空間載體等特征。從“壓力--狀態(tài)--響應(yīng)”思路出發(fā),把生態(tài)敏感性(ES)、生態(tài)彈性(EE)和生態(tài)壓力(EP)有機(jī)結(jié)合起來,構(gòu)建了多目標(biāo)、多層次的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系框架,形成了以綜合指數(shù)方法、層次分析法和GIS相結(jié)合的生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法。依據(jù)西藏生態(tài)環(huán)境高、寒、干、荒、風(fēng)、沙、陡的特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,把西藏劃分為藏北生態(tài)脆弱區(qū);藏中、藏南生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)和藏東生態(tài)脆弱區(qū),進(jìn)行了成因細(xì)分,并對(duì)各生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)生態(tài)的空間分異規(guī)律進(jìn)行闡述。第5章,提出西藏生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)綠色礦業(yè)開發(fā)模式。西藏的礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)必須與脆弱的生態(tài)環(huán)境高度良性的耦合,實(shí)施不同的開發(fā)思路和模式。以綠色礦業(yè)開發(fā)概念模式為指導(dǎo),在空間上構(gòu)建本地轉(zhuǎn)化和異地轉(zhuǎn)化的礦業(yè)開發(fā)空間轉(zhuǎn)化模式。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了固體優(yōu)勢(shì)礦產(chǎn)的“礦山+礦區(qū)+工業(yè)園”開發(fā)模式,地?zé)岬V產(chǎn)開發(fā)可采用的“地?zé)岚l(fā)電與地?zé)崮苤苯永谩彪p模式,礦泉水開發(fā)的“研發(fā)-產(chǎn)業(yè)-文化一體化”模式,礦井水宜采用的“地下-地上循環(huán)處理回用”模式以及鹽湖礦產(chǎn)資源的“研發(fā)-礦區(qū)試驗(yàn)”模式,實(shí)現(xiàn)西藏綠色礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。第6章,提出促進(jìn)西藏生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)綠色礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展建議。西藏是重要的國(guó)家安全屏障,也是重要的生態(tài)安全屏障、重要的戰(zhàn)略資源儲(chǔ)備基地,而礦業(yè)是西藏重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。要實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì),轉(zhuǎn)變礦業(yè)發(fā)展模式,必須加強(qiáng)地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)資源和水工環(huán)勘查力度,查明礦產(chǎn)資源家底,提交優(yōu)勢(shì)礦產(chǎn)資源基地,規(guī)范礦業(yè)權(quán)市場(chǎng)及其管理;科學(xué)規(guī)劃綠色礦山建設(shè),多角度、全方位創(chuàng)建綠色礦山示范區(qū);明確西藏國(guó)有地勘單位作用,積極推進(jìn)體制和機(jī)制改革,建實(shí)建強(qiáng)公益性地勘隊(duì)伍,理順技術(shù)和人才援藏渠道,積極采用內(nèi)培外引的措施,加強(qiáng)礦業(yè)人才隊(duì)伍建設(shè)。本文主要存在以下創(chuàng)新之處:1.揭示了西藏生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)力西藏獨(dú)特的大地構(gòu)造環(huán)境和優(yōu)越的成礦地質(zhì)條件,孕育了豐富的礦產(chǎn)資源。西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施和國(guó)土資源大調(diào)查工作的全面開展,提高了西藏地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)資源勘查程度,提出了成礦潛力區(qū)(帶)。綜合運(yùn)用貢獻(xiàn)力指標(biāo)和計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)模型,對(duì)西藏礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)力進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析。結(jié)果表明:在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、提高全區(qū)GDP方面,西藏礦業(yè)工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值與GDP呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,對(duì)全區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展具有顯著影響,經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)力大;在改善全區(qū)就業(yè)情況方面并沒有明顯的促進(jìn)作用,經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)力一般。隨著礦業(yè)供給側(cè)改革的深入,西藏礦業(yè)無論從推動(dòng)GDP增長(zhǎng)的角度,亦或是從改善全區(qū)就業(yè)情況的角度,均有待進(jìn)一步提高。2.初步評(píng)價(jià)并區(qū)劃西藏生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)是指具有環(huán)境自身結(jié)構(gòu)性不穩(wěn)定、對(duì)外部干擾因素反應(yīng)較敏感因而在外界的干擾下易于向環(huán)境惡化的方向發(fā)展,且自我恢復(fù)力較差的生態(tài)環(huán)境區(qū)域。具有環(huán)境敏感性強(qiáng),系統(tǒng)抗干擾能力弱、環(huán)境退化趨勢(shì)明顯、承載著重要的生態(tài)功能、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的可持性差,政府公共服務(wù)能力弱和多種矛盾匯集的空間載體等特征。從“壓力--狀態(tài)--響應(yīng)”思路出發(fā),把生態(tài)敏感性(ES)、生態(tài)彈性(EE)和生態(tài)壓力(EP)有機(jī)結(jié)合起來,構(gòu)建了多目標(biāo)、多層次的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系框架,形成了以綜合指數(shù)方法、層次分析法和GIS相結(jié)合的生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱性綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法。依據(jù)西藏生態(tài)環(huán)境高、寒、干、荒、風(fēng)、沙、陡的特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,把西藏劃分為藏北生態(tài)脆弱區(qū);藏中、藏南生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)和藏東生態(tài)脆弱區(qū),進(jìn)行了成因細(xì)分,并對(duì)各生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)生態(tài)的空間分異規(guī)律進(jìn)行了歸納總結(jié)。3.構(gòu)建西藏生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)綠色礦業(yè)開發(fā)模式西藏的礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)必須與脆弱的生態(tài)環(huán)境高度良性的耦合,實(shí)施不同的開發(fā)思路和模式。對(duì)于生態(tài)脆弱度強(qiáng),礦產(chǎn)資源勘查程度較低,屬于中小型的礦產(chǎn)地或礦山,應(yīng)運(yùn)用儲(chǔ)備模式,形成國(guó)家或區(qū)域重要的戰(zhàn)略資源儲(chǔ)備基地;對(duì)于生態(tài)脆弱度較低,礦產(chǎn)資源勘查程度高,屬于大型或超大型礦產(chǎn)地和優(yōu)勢(shì)礦種、對(duì)于國(guó)家急需或戰(zhàn)略新興礦產(chǎn),應(yīng)有計(jì)劃、分階段地實(shí)施綠色開發(fā)利用,建立國(guó)家級(jí)礦產(chǎn)資源基地。以綠色礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論基礎(chǔ)和綠色礦業(yè)開發(fā)模式為指導(dǎo),在空間上構(gòu)建本地轉(zhuǎn)化和異地轉(zhuǎn)化的礦業(yè)開發(fā)空間轉(zhuǎn)化模式。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了固體優(yōu)勢(shì)礦產(chǎn)的“礦山+礦區(qū)+工業(yè)園”開發(fā)模式,地?zé)岬V產(chǎn)開發(fā)“地?zé)岚l(fā)電與地?zé)崮苤苯永谩彪p模式,礦泉水開發(fā)的“研發(fā)-產(chǎn)業(yè)-文化一體化”模式,礦井水的“地下-地上循環(huán)處理回用”模式以及鹽湖礦產(chǎn)資源的“研發(fā)-礦區(qū)試驗(yàn)”模式,實(shí)現(xiàn)西藏綠色礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。4.提出促進(jìn)西藏生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展建議礦業(yè)是西藏生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。要實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì),轉(zhuǎn)變礦業(yè)發(fā)展模式,必須加強(qiáng)地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)資源和水工環(huán)勘查力度,查明礦產(chǎn)資源家底,提交優(yōu)勢(shì)礦產(chǎn)資源基地,規(guī)范礦業(yè)權(quán)市場(chǎng)及其管理;科學(xué)規(guī)劃綠色礦山建設(shè),多角度、全方位創(chuàng)建綠色礦山示范區(qū);明確西藏國(guó)有地勘單位作用,積極推進(jìn)體制和機(jī)制改革,建實(shí)建強(qiáng)公益性地勘隊(duì)伍,理順技術(shù)和人才援藏渠道,積極采用內(nèi)培外引的措施,加大礦業(yè)人才隊(duì)伍建設(shè)。
[Abstract]:Tibet is the main body of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with high altitude, vast territory, complex natural conditions, diverse ecological environment, fragile ecological environment shows a wide range of types, a wide range of space-time evolution and other characteristics. It is not only China's extremely ecological fragile areas, but also China's Tibetan population and relatively poor areas. At the same time, Tibet is located in a unique land. The Tibetan mining industry, while providing important energy and raw materials for economic and social development, has a significant impact on regional economic development. It is one of the pillar industries in the region's national economic development, and promotes the rapid development of related industries in the surrounding areas. From the historical process of economic development and ecological environment evolution, ecological environment is the material basis of economic development activities, while economic development activities are the main driving force for the evolution of ecological environment. As the relationship is further strengthened, the ecological environment is more and more profoundly affected by human economic development activities. Therefore, in view of the fragile ecological environment, it is not necessary to make full use of and develop the economy, but how to adapt to the changes of the ecological environment, adapt to the fragile ecological environment, and ultimately avoid further deterioration in the unfavorable direction. Coupling refers physically to the phenomenon that two (or more) systems or forms of movement interact with each other through various interactions. Coupling refers to the interaction between mining development and the distribution of fragile ecological areas. How to realize the benign coupling between mining development and the distribution of fragile ecological areas will be helpful to analyze the development model of mining economy in ecologically fragile areas and provide decision-making basis for the sustainable development of green mining economy in ecologically fragile areas. This paper explores and summarizes the theoretical basis for the development of green mining economy. It systematically investigates and studies the present situation of mineral resources development and utilization in Tibet Autonomous Region, and analyzes the contribution of mining industry to regional economic development. The characteristics of vulnerable areas are evaluated and zoned. The characteristics of ecosystems in different vulnerable areas are clarified. The positive coupling relationship between eco-environment vulnerable areas and mining economic development is analyzed. The path and development model of green mining economic growth are put forward. Mining development and utilization, eco-environment protection and green development in Tibet's ecologically vulnerable areas are discussed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: Chapter 1: Introduction. The topics and significance of this paper are expounded. From the perspective of academic research and application, the fields of green mining economic development at home and abroad are summarized. The significance of selecting the topics of green mining economic development model in ecologically fragile areas of Tibet is put forward. The main route, train of thought, basic frame, field investigation, data collection and arrangement, main research methods and main contents of the paper are highly integrated, and the key innovation points are pointed out. Chapter 2 explores and summarizes the theoretical basis of the development of green mining economy. Green mining economy is the development and utilization of mining industry. Under the guidance of eco-economic theory and comprehensive application of green mining technology system, mineral resources are allocated optimally under the premise that the disturbance to the environment is not greater than the regional environmental capacity and self-purification capacity in the process of mining development and utilization, so as to achieve an economic form of optimum economy, harmonious community and friendly ecological environment. Utilization is bound to produce negative externalities, and has obvious two-way effects, producing positive and negative values. When V0, the comprehensive value of the social-economic-environmental system will be maximized. According to the theory of industrial ecology, the mining system is similar to the ecosystem of the biological world, linking the relevant industrial chains into a huge symbiotic network. In order to achieve higher production efficiency, at the same time to achieve the lowest waste emissions, improve the stability of the symbiotic system, reduce the risk of the symbiotic system, improve the defensiveness of the symbiotic system, so as to optimize the interaction between production and environment. The theory of mining value and the theory of industrial ecology together constitute the theoretical basis for the development of green mining economy. Chapter 3 investigates and analyzes the mining economy in ecologically fragile areas of Tibet. The unique tectonic environment and advantageous metallogenic geological conditions in Tibet have bred abundant mineral resources. The implementation of the strategy of developing the western region and the major adjustment of land and resources. The overall development of the investigation has improved the exploration degree of geological and mineral resources in Tibet, and put forward the metallogenic potential area (belt). The contribution index and econometric model are used to analyze systematically the economic contribution of Tibet's mining industry. With the deepening of the reform on the supply side of the mining industry, Tibet's mining industry needs to be improved either from the perspective of promoting GDP growth or from the perspective of improving the employment situation in the whole region. Chapter 4, preliminary assessment and zoning of ecologically fragile areas in Tibet. Ecologically fragile areas refer to ecologically fragile areas with unstable environment structure and sensitive response to external disturbances, which are prone to environmental deterioration under external disturbances and have poor self-resilience. The system is characterized by weak anti-interference ability, obvious tendency of environmental degradation, bearing important ecological functions, poor sustainability of economic development, weak government public service ability and space carrier of various contradictions. Based on the characteristics of high, cold, dry, barren, windy, Sandy and steep ecological environment in Tibet, an evaluation index system was designed to divide Tibet into ecologically fragile areas in northern Tibet. Chapter 5 puts forward the development model of green mining industry in Tibet's ecologically fragile areas. Tibet's mining economic activities must be highly benign coupled with the fragile ecological environment and implement different development ideas and methods. Guided by the conceptual model of green mining development, the spatial transformation model of local transformation and off-site transformation of mining development is constructed. On this basis, the development model of "mine + mining area + industrial park" for solid mineral resources is put forward, and the dual model of "geothermal power generation and direct utilization of geothermal energy" can be adopted for geothermal mineral development. The sustainable development of Tibet's green mining economy can be realized by the "R&D-industry-culture integration" model of mineral water development, the "underground-ground recycling treatment and reuse" model of mine water and the "R&D-mining area test" model of Salt Lake mineral resources. Chapter 6 proposes to promote the development of green mining economy in Tibet's ecologically fragile areas. Suggestions: Tibet is an important national security barrier, an important ecological security barrier, an important strategic resource reserve base, and mining is an important economic growth point in Tibet. In order to realize the green mining economy and change the mining development model, it is necessary to strengthen the exploration of geological mineral resources and hydraulic environment, find out the mineral resources'background, and submit excellence. Potential mineral resources base, standardize mining rights market and management; scientific planning of green mine construction, multi-angle, all-round creation of green mine demonstration area; clear the role of Tibet's state-owned geological prospecting units, actively promote the reform of the system and mechanism, build a strong public welfare geological prospecting team, straighten out the channels for technical and talent assistance, and actively adopt internal training and external quotation The main innovations of this paper are as follows: 1. The unique tectonic environment and favorable metallogenic geological conditions in Tibet have been revealed, and rich mineral resources have been bred. The implementation of the western development strategy and the overall opening of the land and resources survey have been carried out. The results show that the total output value of Tibet's mining industry is positively correlated with GDP in promoting economic growth and increasing GDP of the whole region. With the deepening of the reform on the supply side of the mining industry, Tibet's mining industry needs to be further improved in terms of both promoting GDP growth and improving employment in the whole region. 2. Evaluating and dividing the ecologically fragile areas step by step refers to the ecologically fragile areas in Tibet, which are characterized by unstable environment structure, sensitive to external disturbance factors and tend to develop towards environmental deterioration under external disturbance, and have poor self-restoring ability. The degradation trend is obvious, bearing important ecological functions, the sustainability of economic development is poor, the government's public service capacity is weak and the space carriers of various contradictions converge. According to the characteristics of Tibet's high, cold, dry, barren, wind, sand and steep ecological environment, an evaluation index system was designed to divide Tibet into ecologically fragile areas in northern Tibet, ecologically fragile areas in central and southern Tibet and Eastern Tibet. The ecological fragile areas are subdivided into several causes, and the spatial differentiation laws of the ecological fragile areas are summarized. 3. The mining economic activities in Tibet must be highly benign coupled with the fragile ecological environment to implement different development ideas and models. Strong degree and low degree of exploration of mineral resources, belonging to small and medium-sized mineral areas or mines, should use the reserve model to form an important national or regional strategic resource reserve base; for low ecological fragility, high degree of exploration of mineral resources, belonging to large or super-large mineral areas and superior mineral species, for the country urgently needs or strategic emerging minerals, It should be planned to implement green development and utilization in stages and establish a national-level mineral resource base. Guided by the economic theory of green mining and the development model of green mining, a spatial transformation model of mining development for local transformation and off-site transformation should be constructed in space. On this basis, the "mine + mining area + industry" of solid superior minerals was put forward. The development model of industrial park, the dual model of geothermal power generation and direct utilization of geothermal energy for geothermal mineral development, the model of "R&D-industry-culture integration" for mineral water development, the model of "underground-ground recycling treatment and reuse" for mine water, and the model of "R&D-mining area test" for mineral resources in salt lakes will help realize the green mining economy in Tibet. Suggestions on Promoting the Development of Mining Economy in Ecologically Fragile Areas in Tibet
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F426.1

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