【摘要】：風(fēng)力發(fā)電是我國(guó)重點(diǎn)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略性能源領(lǐng)域，是我國(guó)未來能源產(chǎn)業(yè)格局中的重要組成部分。2011年，我國(guó)累計(jì)安裝風(fēng)電機(jī)組45894臺(tái)，裝機(jī)容量6236萬(wàn)千瓦，與2010年累計(jì)裝機(jī)4473萬(wàn)千瓦相比，2011年累計(jì)裝機(jī)增長(zhǎng)了39.4%。隨著風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目大量上馬建設(shè)，項(xiàng)目管理中存在的成本問題逐漸成為目前風(fēng)力發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)中亟待解決的重要課題。特別是對(duì)黑龍江省這樣的老工業(yè)基地和能源大省而言，在風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目建設(shè)中強(qiáng)化成本管理，進(jìn)一步提升風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益具有非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。鑒于此，以紅星風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目為研究對(duì)象，對(duì)風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目成本管理問題進(jìn)行案例分析和實(shí)證研究不僅能夠?yàn)榧t星風(fēng)電場(chǎng)項(xiàng)目強(qiáng)化成本管理提供決策參考，而且能夠?qū)ζ渌L(fēng)電項(xiàng)目提高成本管理水平具有重要借鑒意義。針對(duì)紅星風(fēng)電場(chǎng)項(xiàng)目成本管理問題，可以開展如下幾方面的研究： 在我國(guó)風(fēng)電產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展，特別是大型風(fēng)電基地建設(shè)項(xiàng)目不斷加速的背景下，在風(fēng)能資源比較豐富的地區(qū)建設(shè)風(fēng)電場(chǎng)項(xiàng)目不僅能夠緩解當(dāng)?shù)仉娏ω?fù)荷和用電壓力，而且能夠帶動(dòng)區(qū)域風(fēng)電產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，創(chuàng)造比較可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)效益。從紅星風(fēng)電場(chǎng)項(xiàng)目看，總裝機(jī)容量48MW，預(yù)計(jì)年發(fā)電量101952.2千瓦時(shí)，，投資收益率預(yù)計(jì)5.07%，具有較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)前景；同時(shí)在改善地區(qū)能源結(jié)構(gòu)、帶動(dòng)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、改善地區(qū)環(huán)境等方面具有明顯作用。針對(duì)成本控制，紅星風(fēng)電場(chǎng)項(xiàng)目也采取了一系列措施，主要包括：建立項(xiàng)目成本管理制度；認(rèn)真開展風(fēng)電機(jī)組選型工作；細(xì)致分析征用土地的規(guī)模等。 項(xiàng)目成本估算與偏差分析。首先，項(xiàng)目成本管理應(yīng)該綜合考慮諸多影響因素。一般來講主要包括：項(xiàng)目工期、項(xiàng)目質(zhì)量、項(xiàng)目范圍、物資耗用數(shù)量、風(fēng)電補(bǔ)貼政策、市場(chǎng)價(jià)格變化、技術(shù)進(jìn)步因素等。其次，在常用的成本估算方法中，優(yōu)選適合項(xiàng)目實(shí)際情況的方法來進(jìn)行項(xiàng)目成本估算。最后，通過測(cè)度項(xiàng)目成本偏差，分析項(xiàng)目成本偏差產(chǎn)生的原因。通過采用偏差分析方法，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)紅星風(fēng)電場(chǎng)項(xiàng)目的成本偏差狀況表現(xiàn)為以下幾個(gè)方面：一是項(xiàng)目目前處于超支狀態(tài)，項(xiàng)目的成本效率僅為81%，項(xiàng)目成本控制狀況并不理想；二是從4個(gè)子項(xiàng)目看，“其他費(fèi)用”的成本控制效果最好，接近1，而“設(shè)備及安裝工程”子項(xiàng)目的成本控制效果最差，成本效率僅為0.76。三是從三級(jí)子任務(wù)看，“通信和控制設(shè)備及安裝工程”的成本效率最高，達(dá)到1.03；“建設(shè)用地”、“建設(shè)管理費(fèi)”兩個(gè)子任務(wù)，由于嚴(yán)格按照有關(guān)法律法規(guī)執(zhí)行，因此，成本效率為1。值得注意的是“其他設(shè)備及安裝工程”和“生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備費(fèi)”的成本效率較低，分別為0.56和0.69，是項(xiàng)目今后成本控制的重點(diǎn)方向。 針對(duì)紅星風(fēng)電場(chǎng)在成本管理中存在的問題，今后有必要進(jìn)一步提高管理水平、強(qiáng)化成本管理工作。具體可以從以下幾方面著手：第一，提高對(duì)項(xiàng)目成本管理的重視程度；第二，切實(shí)減少浪費(fèi)；第三，建立成本責(zé)任制；第四，積極申請(qǐng)CDM項(xiàng)目。
[Abstract]:Wind power generation is a strategic energy field which is the focus of China's development and an important part of China's future energy industry pattern. In 2011, China installed 45,894 wind turbines with installed capacity of 62.36 million kilowatts. Compared with the accumulative installed capacity of 44.73 million kilowatts in 2010, the accumulative installed capacity in 2011 increased by 39.4%. With the large number of wind power projects on the horizon. The cost problem in project management has gradually become an important issue to be solved in the wind power industry. Especially for Heilongjiang Province, an old industrial base and a big energy province, it is very important to strengthen cost management in wind power project construction and further enhance the economic and social benefits of wind power project construction. In view of this, taking Hongxing wind power project as the research object, case analysis and empirical research on cost management of wind power project can not only provide decision-making reference for strengthening cost management of Hongxing wind power project, but also have important reference significance for improving cost management level of other wind power projects. The cost management of wind farm projects can be carried out in the following aspects:
With the rapid development of wind power industry in China, especially the construction of large-scale wind power bases, wind power projects in areas with abundant wind energy resources can not only alleviate the local power load and voltage power, but also promote the development of regional wind power industry and create considerable economic and social benefits. Star wind farm project, the total installed capacity of 48MW, estimated annual power generation capacity of 101952.2 kWh, the investment rate of return is expected to be 5.07%, with good economic prospects; at the same time, in improving the regional energy structure, driving regional economic development, improving the regional environment and other aspects of the obvious role. The measures include: establishing the project cost management system; carrying out the wind turbine selection work conscientiously; analyzing the land expropriation scale carefully.
First of all, the project cost management should consider a number of factors. Generally speaking, it mainly includes: project duration, project quality, project scope, quantity of material consumption, wind power subsidy policy, market price changes, technological progress factors and so on. Secondly, in the commonly used cost estimation methods, select the appropriate items. Finally, by measuring the project cost deviation, the causes of the project cost deviation are analyzed. By using the deviation analysis method, it is not difficult to find the cost deviation of Hongxing wind farm project as follows: First, the project is currently in the state of overexpenditure, the cost of the project. Efficiency is only 81%, the cost control situation of the project is not ideal; second, from the four sub-projects, "other costs" cost control effect is the best, close to 1, and "equipment and installation project" sub-project cost control effect is the worst, cost efficiency is only 0.76.3 from the three-level sub-task, "communication and control equipment and installation project" of the cost control. Cost efficiency is the highest, reaching 1.03; "construction land" and "construction management fee" are two sub-tasks, which are strictly carried out in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, so the cost efficiency is 1. The key direction of the system.
In view of the problems existing in the cost management of Hongxing wind farm, it is necessary to further improve the management level and strengthen the cost management work in the future. Specifically, we can proceed from the following aspects: first, to enhance the importance of project cost management; second, to effectively reduce waste; third, to establish a cost responsibility system; fourth, to actively apply for CDM items. Eyes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F426.61;F406.7

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 金樹成;實(shí)行項(xiàng)目管理下的施工成本管理與核算的探討[J];北京商學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);1999年03期

2 傅代國(guó);田小剛;;基于價(jià)值星系的戰(zhàn)略成本管理研究——一個(gè)企業(yè)間的戰(zhàn)略視角[J];中國(guó)工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì);2008年10期

3 張世惠;;風(fēng)電場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)成本分析及探討[J];風(fēng)能;2011年02期

4 馬建平;莊貴陽(yáng);;CDM項(xiàng)目開發(fā)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素識(shí)別與規(guī)避對(duì)策[J];華中科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2011年02期

5 劉曉偉;李彤煜;何仁龍;;實(shí)施施工項(xiàng)目精益成本管理[J];技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理研究;2009年05期

6 楊s

本文編號(hào)：2185668