本文選題：社會網(wǎng)絡(luò) + 創(chuàng)業(yè)者認知偏差�。� 參考：《浙江理工大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：創(chuàng)業(yè)活動可以推動創(chuàng)新、促進國家和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，是一個全球性的重要議題。我國的創(chuàng)業(yè)活動逐漸活躍，在國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟增長中發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用。然而，，新創(chuàng)企業(yè)的失敗率卻居高不下。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，創(chuàng)業(yè)風險是導致創(chuàng)業(yè)失敗的主要原因之一，如何有效地識別創(chuàng)業(yè)風險是新創(chuàng)企業(yè)健康成長的關(guān)鍵，也是當前創(chuàng)業(yè)研究最應(yīng)關(guān)注的重要課題之一。有效的風險識別取決于創(chuàng)業(yè)者從外部環(huán)境獲取的風險因素以及創(chuàng)業(yè)者的分析能力。社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)（Social Network）之中蘊含著豐富的信息，是創(chuàng)業(yè)者獲取相關(guān)資源的主要渠道，甚至是獲取某些稀缺資源和重要信息的唯一途徑。不同的社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)中蘊含的風險信息資源數(shù)量和質(zhì)量上的差異性，會對創(chuàng)業(yè)風險識別的效果產(chǎn)生直接影響。同時，不同的創(chuàng)業(yè)者在認知偏差水平上存在差異，對資源與信息有著不同的解讀和判斷（Entrepreneurial Cognition），這會使創(chuàng)業(yè)者在擁有相同社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)的情況下產(chǎn)生不同的風險識別效果。但是，現(xiàn)有研究多集中在對風險識別的內(nèi)容與方法的探討上，對創(chuàng)業(yè)者認知的研究不足，也缺少有效的理論模型對社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)、創(chuàng)業(yè)者認知偏差在創(chuàng)業(yè)風險識別過程中的具體作用進行解釋。因此，未能為創(chuàng)業(yè)者提供一個良好的實踐指導，使其及時地識別風險從而避免創(chuàng)業(yè)失敗。 在相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上，本研究根據(jù)社會認知理論，將影響創(chuàng)業(yè)風險識別的外部因素（社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)）與內(nèi)部因素（創(chuàng)業(yè)者認知偏差）納入同一個分析框架，構(gòu)建“社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)—創(chuàng)業(yè)者認知偏差—創(chuàng)業(yè)風險識別”的理論模型，探討社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)的不同緯度對創(chuàng)業(yè)風險識別的影響效果，同時分析不同創(chuàng)業(yè)者認知偏差水平產(chǎn)生的效果差異，并進行實證檢驗，以進一步解釋社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)是否、以及在哪些條件下對創(chuàng)業(yè)風險識別產(chǎn)生影響，增強創(chuàng)業(yè)風險管理理論的解釋效力與實踐意義。在理論研究的基礎(chǔ)上，本研究以新創(chuàng)企業(yè)的創(chuàng)業(yè)者為調(diào)查對象，進行問卷的開發(fā)與論證，并采用多元層次回歸分析法進行檢驗，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)的三個維度網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模、網(wǎng)絡(luò)強度和結(jié)構(gòu)洞均對創(chuàng)業(yè)風險的識別具有顯著的正向影響，擁有豐富資源的社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)往往更有利于風險的識別。創(chuàng)業(yè)者的認知偏差水平對創(chuàng)業(yè)風險識別的過程存在著負向調(diào)節(jié)作用，認知偏差水平越高的創(chuàng)業(yè)者越容易受心理惰性的影響，采取直觀的認知方式，忽視所獲取資源和信息中的風險信息，導致識別出的風險數(shù)量較少。 本研究的成果進一步明晰了社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)、創(chuàng)業(yè)者認知偏差對創(chuàng)業(yè)風險識別的影響機理，有助于啟發(fā)創(chuàng)業(yè)者與創(chuàng)業(yè)企業(yè)更加合理有效地面對風險，進一步豐富和完善了創(chuàng)業(yè)風險管理理論，彌補了以往研究的不足，對于提高創(chuàng)業(yè)風險的識別效率與推動創(chuàng)業(yè)活動的發(fā)展均具有突出的現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:Entrepreneurship can promote innovation and promote national and regional economic development. It is an important global issue. China's entrepreneurial activities are gradually active, playing a pivotal role in domestic economic growth. However, the failure rate of new enterprises is high. It is found that entrepreneurial risk is one of the main causes of entrepreneurial failure. How to effectively identify entrepreneurial risk is the key to the healthy growth of new enterprises, and it is also one of the most important topics that should be paid attention to in current entrepreneurship research. Effective risk identification depends on the risk factors acquired by the entrepreneur from the external environment and his analytical ability. Social Network contains abundant information, which is the main channel for entrepreneurs to obtain related resources, and even the only way to obtain some scarce resources and important information. The difference in quantity and quality of risk information resources contained in different social networks will have a direct impact on the effectiveness of entrepreneurial risk identification. At the same time, different entrepreneurs have different cognitive bias levels, and have different interpretation and judgment on resources and information, which will make entrepreneurs have different risk identification effects under the same social network. However, most of the existing studies focus on the content and methods of risk identification, lack of research on entrepreneurs' cognition, and lack of effective theoretical models for social networks. Entrepreneur cognitive bias in the process of entrepreneurial risk identification to explain the specific role. Therefore, failed to provide a good practical guidance for entrepreneurs to identify risks in time to avoid entrepreneurial failure. On the basis of relevant research, according to the theory of social cognition, the external factors (social network) and internal factors (cognitive bias of entrepreneurs) that affect entrepreneurial risk identification are included in the same analytical framework. This paper constructs a theoretical model of "Social Network-Entrepreneur Cognitive bias-Entrepreneurial risk Identification", discusses the effects of different social networks on entrepreneurial risk identification, and analyzes the differences in the effects of different entrepreneurs' cognitive bias levels. An empirical test is carried out to further explain whether and under what conditions social networks have an impact on entrepreneurial risk identification and to enhance the explanatory effectiveness and practical significance of entrepreneurial risk management theory. On the basis of the theoretical research, this research takes the entrepreneurs of the new enterprises as the research object, carries on the questionnaire development and the demonstration, and uses the multivariate level regression analysis method to carry on the test, the research finds: the social network three dimensions network scale, Both the network strength and the structure hole have a significant positive impact on the identification of entrepreneurial risks, and social networks with abundant resources are often more conducive to risk identification. The level of cognitive bias of entrepreneurs has a negative adjustment effect on the process of entrepreneurial risk identification. The higher the level of cognitive bias, the more vulnerable entrepreneurs are to the influence of psychological inertia. Ignoring the risk information in the acquired resources and information leads to fewer identified risks. The results of this study further clarify the social network, the impact mechanism of entrepreneurial cognitive bias on entrepreneurial risk identification, which is helpful to inspire entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial enterprises to face risks more reasonably and effectively. It further enriches and perfects the theory of venture risk management and makes up for the deficiency of previous research. It is of great practical significance for improving the efficiency of identifying entrepreneurial risks and promoting the development of entrepreneurial activities.
【學位授予單位】：浙江理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F272

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