發(fā)布時間：2018-05-21 03:29

  本文選題：現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè) + 戰(zhàn)略��； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)是老撾國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，在老撾國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中占有很重的分量。為了發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟，老撾自建國以來探索和發(fā)展了近40年，并取得了一定的成果。2001年老撾“七大”提出“加快經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、促進生產(chǎn)、消滅貧困”這一社會經(jīng)濟全面發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略目標，農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟更是取得突破性進展。隨著老撾人口的不斷增長，在日益激烈的國際競爭條件下，穩(wěn)定糧食產(chǎn)量、提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量從而保障糧食安全是今后老撾農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展過程中必須直面的問題。為了從戰(zhàn)略上解決上述問題，我們必須清醒的認識到在老撾農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展過程中還存在諸多限制性因素，如農(nóng)業(yè)體制改革不充分、農(nóng)業(yè)市場化發(fā)展不足、農(nóng)業(yè)投入配置不合理、農(nóng)業(yè)耕作制度落后、農(nóng)業(yè)服務體系不健全等。這些因素嚴重制約了老撾農(nóng)業(yè)的長遠發(fā)展，面對現(xiàn)實中存在的這些問題，老撾的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展存在著很大的不確定性，正確認識和面對這些困難將有助于老撾農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。本文根據(jù)老撾農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，在分析老撾農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中面臨的機會、威脅、優(yōu)勢和劣勢的基礎(chǔ)上，通過學習和借鑒國外農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的成功經(jīng)驗，提出了發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)并在戰(zhàn)略上指出發(fā)展道路和模式的科學論斷，希望對老撾的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展提供一定的借鑒意義。 本文的主要研究結(jié)論為： 1.老撾農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟落后，科技含量低，生產(chǎn)效率低下，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國際競爭力弱，但在老撾國民經(jīng)濟中仍處于基礎(chǔ)性地位，農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟的快速穩(wěn)定發(fā)展是促進第二三產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的前提條件。為了有效解決農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展過程中存在的諸多限制性因素，老撾政府出臺并實施了一系列促進農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的利農(nóng)政策，如頒布實施《老撾土地法》以促進和保護農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營、改革農(nóng)業(yè)所有制結(jié)構(gòu)并鼓勵經(jīng)營多樣化和經(jīng)營自主化、減免農(nóng)業(yè)稅以調(diào)動農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營的積極性、大力改善農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施條件、將農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展融入消滅貧困的國家戰(zhàn)略中等。 2.通過對老撾農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟進行SWOT分析，該文總結(jié)了老撾農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟在發(fā)展過程中擁有許多內(nèi)部優(yōu)勢和外部機遇，例如農(nóng)業(yè)資源豐富，地理位置優(yōu)越，農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策穩(wěn)定，近年來國民經(jīng)濟持續(xù)高速增長，另外老撾政局穩(wěn)定以及加入東盟和大湄公河次區(qū)域經(jīng)濟合作帶來了很大的發(fā)展機遇。同時老撾農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟還存在諸多發(fā)展劣勢和外部威脅，如農(nóng)業(yè)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成比例不適當，生產(chǎn)力水平低下，農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不完善，交通運輸條件差，農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展水平落后于周邊國家，以及地區(qū)安全和自然疾病帶來的威脅等。 3.通過闡述美國、日本、中國和越南四國現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展情況可以看出，不同國家的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展形式表現(xiàn)出很大的差異。老撾要想實現(xiàn)本國農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟的現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展需要結(jié)合國內(nèi)的實際情況因地制宜地制定和執(zhí)行有效的發(fā)展政策，走出一條獨具特色的有競爭力的發(fā)展道路�；趯獍l(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的基本做法和成功經(jīng)驗，老撾發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟應明確現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的定位，加強政府對現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的政策支持力度，拓寬融投資渠道，科學規(guī)劃，，合理布局，結(jié)合老撾的自然、資源和地理等優(yōu)勢，增強農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟競爭力，提升國際影響力。 4.老撾農(nóng)業(yè)以傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)為主，在激烈的國際競爭條件下，繼續(xù)走傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)的老路已不符合新世紀農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的需求。隨著老撾農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境問題的日益突出，結(jié)合老撾農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，發(fā)展現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)提升農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場競爭力是老撾農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的必然選擇。老撾擁有發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)基本的內(nèi)外部條件，本文根據(jù)老撾農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實基礎(chǔ)提出了不同地區(qū)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和發(fā)展模式。北部地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟明顯落后與中南部地區(qū)，應該執(zhí)行政府主導型現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略-利用區(qū)位優(yōu)勢和特色資源的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)模式；中部地區(qū)機械化和現(xiàn)代化水平最高，應執(zhí)行產(chǎn)業(yè)一體化現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略-科學技術(shù)含量高的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)模式；南部地區(qū)市場化條件較好，應執(zhí)行市場營銷型現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略-經(jīng)營集約一體化發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)模式。 同時，本文還提出了一些老撾農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展中應注意的問題，主要包括：充分發(fā)揮老撾農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟在發(fā)展中擁有的自然優(yōu)勢和資源優(yōu)勢，努力提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)要素利用率，調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)和經(jīng)營管理方式，加快農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展；繼續(xù)保持支農(nóng)、利農(nóng)政策，增加對農(nóng)業(yè)的支持力度，因地制宜地選擇和執(zhí)行適宜的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式，結(jié)合資源和市場因素，發(fā)展當?shù)靥厣r(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟；鼓勵和支持農(nóng)業(yè)科學技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，努力推廣農(nóng)業(yè)科學技術(shù)在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)實踐中的應用，促進農(nóng)業(yè)科學技術(shù)成果轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實生產(chǎn)力，適度現(xiàn)實規(guī)模化生產(chǎn)，推動農(nóng)業(yè)機械化和產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展；正確認識和處理不同地區(qū)間農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的差異性問題，統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展，協(xié)調(diào)各地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展模式和途徑，全面提高老撾農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟的綜合生產(chǎn)能力。
[Abstract]:In order to develop the agricultural economy, Laos has explored and developed for nearly 40 years since the founding of the people's Republic of China, and has made some achievements in the "Seventh National Congress" of Laos in.2001, and put forward the social classics of "accelerating economic development, promoting production and eradicating poverty". With the strategic goal of overall development, the agricultural economy has made breakthrough progress. With the increasing population of Laos, the stability of grain yield, improving the quality of products and ensuring food security under the increasingly fierce international competition conditions are the problems that must be faced directly in the process of agricultural development in Laos in the future. We must be aware that there are many restrictive factors in the process of agricultural development in Laos, such as inadequate agricultural reform, inadequate agricultural marketization, irrational allocation of agricultural investment, backward farming system and unsound agricultural service system. These factors seriously restrict the long-term development of Laos agriculture and face the long-term development of Laos agriculture. These problems exist in reality, and there is a great uncertainty in the development of the Laos' agricultural economy. The correct understanding and the face of these difficulties will help the sustainable development of the Laos agriculture. Based on the present situation of the Laos agriculture, this paper analyzes the opportunities, threats, advantages and disadvantages of the Laos agricultural economic development. Studying and drawing on the successful experience of the development of foreign agricultural economy, we put forward the scientific argument of developing modern agriculture and pointing out the way and mode of development strategically, and hope to provide some reference for the development of agricultural economy in Laos.
The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:
1. Laos is backward in agricultural economy, low in science and technology, low in production efficiency and weak in the international competitiveness of agricultural products, but still in a basic position in the national economy of Laos. The rapid and stable development of agricultural economy is the prerequisite for the development of the two or three industry. In order to effectively solve the many restrictive factors in the process of agricultural economic development, The Laos government has promulgated and implemented a series of policy of promoting agriculture to promote the development of agricultural economy, such as the promulgation and implementation of the Laos land law to promote and protect agricultural production and management, reform the structure of agricultural ownership and encourage diversification and management autonomy, reduce and exempt agricultural tax to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers' production and operation, and improve agricultural production. The infrastructure conditions of operation should be equal to the national strategy of integrating agricultural development into poverty eradication.
2. through the SWOT analysis of the Laos agricultural economy, this article summarizes that the Laos agricultural economy has many internal advantages and external opportunities in the process of development, such as rich agricultural resources, superior geographical position, stable agricultural industry policy, sustained and rapid growth of the national economy in recent years, and the stability of the Laos political situation, as well as ASEAN and Greater Mekong. The economic cooperation of the sub region of the river has brought great opportunities for development. At the same time, the agricultural economy of Laos has many disadvantages and external threats, such as the improper proportion of the structure of the agricultural structure, the low level of productivity, the imperfect agricultural infrastructure, the poor transportation conditions, the development level of the agricultural industry behind the surrounding countries and the regional security. And the threat of natural diseases.
3. by explaining the development of modern agriculture in the four countries of the United States, Japan, China and Vietnam, it can be seen that the modern agricultural development of different countries has shown great differences. Based on the basic practice and successful experience of modern agricultural development in developed countries and developing countries, the development of agricultural economy in Laos should clear the orientation of the development of modern agriculture, strengthen the government's policy support for the development of modern agriculture, broaden the channel of investment, scientific planning and reasonable Layout, combined with Laos's natural, resource and geographical advantages, will enhance the competitiveness of agricultural economy and enhance international influence.
4. the old agriculture of Laos agriculture is based on traditional agriculture. Under the fierce international competition, the old way to continue the traditional agriculture is not in line with the demand of agricultural development in the new century. With the increasingly prominent ecological environment problems in Laos, combining the present situation of Laos agricultural development, the development of modern agriculture to promote the competitiveness of agricultural products is the agricultural economy of Laos. The inevitable choice of development is that Laos has the basic internal and external conditions for the development of modern agriculture. In this paper, the development strategy and development model of modern agriculture in different regions are put forward in accordance with the realistic basis of the development of Laos. The modern agricultural model of regional advantage and characteristic resources; the highest level of mechanization and modernization in the central region, the modern agricultural development strategy of industrial integration modern agriculture should be carried out, and the modern agricultural model with high scientific and technological content should be carried out. The market conditions of the southern region are better, and the marketing model of modern agricultural development should be carried out and the intensive integration of management should be carried out. An exhibition of modern agricultural models.
At the same time, this paper also puts forward some problems that should be paid attention to in the development of Laos agricultural development, including: giving full play to the natural and resource advantages of Laos in the development of agricultural economy, improving the utilization rate of agricultural production factors, adjusting the structure of agricultural production and management, speeding up the development of agricultural modernization, and maintaining the support of agriculture. The policy of promoting agriculture, increasing support for agriculture, selecting and implementing appropriate agricultural economic development model according to local conditions, combining resources and market factors, developing local agricultural economy, encouraging and supporting agricultural science and technology innovation, promoting the application of agricultural science and technology in agricultural production practice, and promoting agricultural science and technology. The results are translated into practical productive forces, moderately realistic and large-scale production, promote agricultural mechanization and industrialization, correctly recognize and deal with the differences in agricultural development among different regions, coordinate development, coordinate the development patterns and ways of agricultural economy in various regions, and comprehensively improve the comprehensive production capacity of the agricultural economy in Laos.
【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F333.4

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本文編號：1917558