本文選題：桑樹-坡地系統(tǒng) + 三峽庫區(qū)�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著人口的持續(xù)增長,糧食與食品需求不斷增加,資源開發(fā)與利用強度逐年增強,由此導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染逐年加重。目前,農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染已在全球范圍內(nèi)引起土壤與水污染,我國農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染的形勢極其嚴重,其污染源主要有三類,分別是化肥、畜禽糞尿和農(nóng)藥。農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染因為其獨有特性,已成為當今世界環(huán)境污染治理最為棘手的難題之一,因此探索行之有效的防控措施,遏制農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染,對培肥地力,保持水土,減輕生態(tài)破壞和環(huán)境污染具有十分重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。坡地-桑樹系統(tǒng),因植物自身的機械阻攔作用、吸收作用與系統(tǒng)內(nèi)土壤抗侵蝕環(huán)境(提高土壤的抗沖性、覆蓋度、減緩坡度等)的改善,使其不僅能很好地保持坡地水土,還能顯著地減輕農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染物對土壤與水體的危害。 本研究以三峽庫區(qū)上游及庫周丘陵區(qū)的紫色坡耕地為對象,從流域角度把坡地-桑樹系統(tǒng)作為一種控制農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染的坡地復(fù)合生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)。本文共設(shè)一個對照,四個處理,分別為橫坡壟作(CK)、兩帶等高桑+橫坡壟作(T1)、三帶等高桑+橫坡壟作(T2)、四邊桑+等高桑+橫坡壟作(T3)、四邊桑+橫坡壟作(T4)。系統(tǒng)、定量化地研究其控制農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染物N、P的效應(yīng)、微生物數(shù)量及生物量的活性,綜合評價桑樹-坡地系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟-土壤質(zhì)量效益,為控制區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染優(yōu)化技術(shù)的推廣提供科學(xué)依據(jù),對保護流域水環(huán)境安全,推動區(qū)域經(jīng)濟-環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展具有重要的理論與實踐意義。研究取得以下結(jié)果： 1在各榨菜季、間歇季、玉米季三季中,因為溫度、濕度、桑帶長勢、作物類型等因素,土壤氨氮含量與不同季節(jié)中的溫度、濕度、光照強度、光照時間等存在相關(guān)關(guān)系。在T1、T2、T3、T4四個處理中,土壤速效磷、速效鉀含量與各處理呈顯著正相關(guān)；全氮含量與各處理呈極顯著正相關(guān)。此外,在各養(yǎng)分之間進行相關(guān)分析得到,堿解氮與速效鉀呈極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系、土壤全氮含量與土壤全磷和速效磷含量呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系、土壤速效磷與土壤pH呈極顯著負相關(guān)關(guān)系。綜合得到,在四個不同處理中,對土壤全氮含量影響很大,出現(xiàn)極顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系；其次則是對土壤速效磷和速效鉀含量影響較大,出現(xiàn)顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系。除此之外,本試驗中各坡地-桑樹系統(tǒng)的其他土壤養(yǎng)分差別不大,與處理間的相關(guān)關(guān)系不顯著。 2在各處理間,對土壤徑流水攔截效益數(shù)T3和T4處理最為明顯,T1和T2處理則因為桑樹長勢等問題對土壤徑流水攔截效果不明顯。各處理對土壤徑流水養(yǎng)分影響較大,尤其是對土壤徑流水氮素含量呈現(xiàn)極顯著負相關(guān)關(guān)系,即各處理已經(jīng)有效的攔截了土壤徑流水攜帶的養(yǎng)分,保護了土壤養(yǎng)分的蓄積。但各處理對微生物數(shù)量、生物量的影響不大,更則細菌與處理表現(xiàn)出顯著負相關(guān)關(guān)系,這使得試驗設(shè)計初衷與試驗結(jié)果相悖,得到這一結(jié)果是出自試驗的客觀存在還是試驗過程中的偶然現(xiàn)象,值得進一步研究加以論證。此外,各處理作物營養(yǎng)吸收也差別不大,與處理間均未表現(xiàn)出相關(guān)關(guān)系。 3經(jīng)過經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)值和土壤質(zhì)量評價后得到：在各處理中,從作物經(jīng)濟角度分析得到T3處理畝產(chǎn)值最高,為3863.21元/畝,其次是T1處理,為3599.08元/畝,T2和T4處理經(jīng)濟效益最低,分別為3575.96元/畝和3465.55元/畝。而從土壤養(yǎng)分綜合指標評價得到,T4土壤質(zhì)量最優(yōu),IQI值為0.657；其次是T1處理,IQI值為0.624；再者是T3處理,IQI值為0.590,T2處理土壤綜合評價值IQI最低,僅為0.430。各處理經(jīng)濟效益和生態(tài)效益評價得到,T1處理經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)值和土壤質(zhì)量均處于各處理中上水平；T2處理則表現(xiàn)均不占優(yōu)勢；T3處理經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)值最優(yōu),但土壤質(zhì)量僅優(yōu)于T2處理；而T4處理雖然經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)值最低,但土壤質(zhì)量最優(yōu)。為平衡經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)值和土壤質(zhì)量均衡發(fā)展,從試驗結(jié)果得到各處理中T1處理為最佳。 綜上所述,科學(xué)合理地優(yōu)化和評價坡地-桑樹系統(tǒng),提高其生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟、綜合效益,不僅能控制農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染,更能提高土地生產(chǎn)力,有益于當?shù)厣a(chǎn)。同時,桑帶種類及空間結(jié)構(gòu)、經(jīng)營管理技術(shù)等相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)理論對坡地-桑樹系統(tǒng)有極大影響,尤其是如何根據(jù)不同坡度、土層深度等地形因子并結(jié)合氣象資料,合理地設(shè)計桑帶間帶間距等相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)理論研究應(yīng)進一步加強。
[Abstract]:With the increase of population , food and food demand are increasing year by year , resource exploitation and utilization intensity increase year by year . The pollution source of agricultural surface source has become one of the most difficult problems of pollution control in the world .

This study is based on purple slope cultivated land in the upstream and reservoir of the Three Gorges Reservoir area . The slope - mulberry system is used as a slope compound ecological agriculture technique for controlling agricultural surface source pollution .

The content of ammonia nitrogen in soil was correlated with the temperature , humidity , illumination intensity and illumination time in different seasons .
The results showed that the total N content of soil was positively correlated with the content of total phosphorus in soil and the content of available phosphorus in soil .
Secondly , there was a significant correlation between the content of available phosphorus and available potassium in soil . In addition , there was no significant difference in other soil nutrients in the soil - mulberry system in this experiment , but the correlation between treatments was not significant .

2 In the treatment room , the treatment of soil runoff water interception benefit number T3 and T4 is the most obvious , and the treatment of T1 and T2 is not obvious to the soil runoff water interception effect because of the long potential of mulberry trees .

3 After the evaluation of economic output value and soil quality , the yield of T3 treated per mu was highest , 3863.21 yuan / mu , followed by T1 treatment , 3575.96 yuan / mu and 3465.55 yuan / mu , respectively .
followed by T1 treatment with an IQI value of 0.624 ;
In addition , T3 treatment , IQI value of 0.590 , T2 treatment soil comprehensive evaluation value IQI is the lowest , only 0.430 . The economic benefit and ecological benefit evaluation of each treatment , T1 treatment economic output value and soil quality are in each treatment level ;
T2 treatment was not dominant ;
T3 deals with the best economic output value , but the soil quality is better than T2 treatment .
While T4 treatment is the lowest with the lowest economic output value , the soil quality is the best . In order to balance the economic output value and the development of soil quality equilibrium , the T1 treatment in each treatment is the best from the experimental results .

To sum up , scientifically and reasonably optimize and evaluate the slope - mulberry system , improve the ecological , economic and comprehensive benefits , not only can control the agricultural surface source pollution , but also improve the land productivity and benefit the local production .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：S158.3;S154.3

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