本文選題：人口老齡化 + 以房養(yǎng)老��； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：住房反向抵押貸款,屬于以房養(yǎng)老各種方式中的一種,是一種新型的金融融資工具。具體是指符合一定條件的老年人以自有住房做抵押,向金融機構(gòu)借款消費,但借款人仍然保留房屋居住權(quán),當(dāng)借款人去世后,該機構(gòu)獲得住房的所有權(quán),并將其銷售或者出租,所得價款用來償還貸款本息。由于該貸款本息的流轉(zhuǎn)與傳統(tǒng)的住房抵押貸款方向相反,好像是金融機構(gòu)從老年人手中買來房子,所以被稱為反向抵押貸款。我國人口老齡化日趨嚴重,進行養(yǎng)老方式的創(chuàng)新迫在眉睫。過去幾十年我國計劃生育政策的實施、平均壽命的延長、人口出生率的下降,無不加速了人口老齡化的發(fā)展。如何進行金融創(chuàng)新來應(yīng)對嚴峻的老齡化趨勢,彌補養(yǎng)老金缺口,是擺在中國當(dāng)前不可回避的問題。而住房反向抵押貸款不失為一種具有很大前景的嘗試。我國目前無論是在理論研究上,還是區(qū)域經(jīng)濟條件上,以及政府的相關(guān)政策引導(dǎo)上,住房反向抵押貸款推行的條件都不夠成熟,這使得該制度在我國實際開展的過程中障礙重重,效果不盡如人意�；谶@樣的背景,本文決定從四個方面對反向抵押貸款進行介紹和分析,著重從法律角度梳理實際運行中遇到的障礙,剖析其原因并提出解決的對策。首先介紹住房反向抵押貸款的基本概念,總結(jié)它的特征與構(gòu)成要素,將其與傳統(tǒng)的抵押貸款和我國法律中規(guī)定的最高額抵押權(quán)作出區(qū)分。在讀者對住房反向抵押的概念和運行原理有所了解后,再介紹我國政府對該制度的相關(guān)政策的歷史沿革,以及在幾個主要試點城市這幾年的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。接下來對實施過程中遇到的各種困難進行介紹,角度主要是從與先行法律制度的不相容部分,比如我國目前對住宅用地有70年的使用權(quán)限制,如果考慮到使用權(quán)到期后的續(xù)費問題,會對房屋價值的評估帶來很大影響;再比如反向抵押表面上看存在"流質(zhì)抵押"的嫌疑,老年人本身又是弱勢群體,那么應(yīng)當(dāng)如何保障抵押人的權(quán)益是個不可回避的話題;農(nóng)村的養(yǎng)老問題尤為嚴重,但由于宅基地使用權(quán)的流轉(zhuǎn)限制完全無法推行此款養(yǎng)老產(chǎn)品等等。一共介紹了五個問題。然后是本文的重心,即從法律的角度,對上面提出的五個問題嘗試著提出一些具有可行性的建議。包括土地使用權(quán)續(xù)期的法律安排,本文認為應(yīng)當(dāng)完全"自動"、"免費"而不是目前實踐中(如溫州)所采取的"適當(dāng)付費",并說明了原因;"流質(zhì)條款"的解禁以及于此相關(guān)的法律考量、在農(nóng)村嘗試推行以房養(yǎng)老協(xié)議來代替金融貸款,以及居住權(quán)的設(shè)立等等。一一做出了力所能及的解答。"以房養(yǎng)老"、"反向抵押"是當(dāng)前社會非常熱點的話題,也是爭議比較大、卻又很有討論價值的問題,本文從法律角度所提出的一些粗淺的建議,希望能為我國養(yǎng)老問題的解決、為我國法律法規(guī)的與時俱進,貢獻一些微薄之力。
[Abstract]:Housing reverse mortgage, which belongs to various ways of housing pension, is a new financial financing tool. Specifically, the elderly who meet certain conditions use their own housing as collateral to borrow money from financial institutions for consumption, but the borrower still retains the right to live in the house. When the borrower dies, the institution acquires ownership of the house and sells it or rents it out. The proceeds are used to repay the principal and interest of the loan. Because the loan flows in the opposite direction to traditional home mortgages, it seems that financial institutions buy homes from older people, so they are called reverse mortgages. The aging of population in China is becoming more and more serious, so it is urgent to innovate the way of providing for the aged. In the past several decades, the implementation of family planning policy, the prolongation of life expectancy and the decline of birth rate have accelerated the development of population aging. How to carry on the financial innovation to deal with the austere aging trend and make up for the pension gap is an unavoidable problem in China at present. But the housing reverse mortgage loan is a kind of very promising attempt. At present, the conditions for the implementation of reverse mortgage loans in China are not mature enough, either in theoretical research or in regional economic conditions, as well as in the guidance of the relevant policies of the government. This makes the system in our country in the actual process of obstacles, the effect is not satisfactory. Based on this background, this paper decides to introduce and analyze the reverse mortgage loan from four aspects, focusing on combing the obstacles encountered in the actual operation from the legal point of view, analyzing its causes and putting forward the countermeasures to solve it. This paper first introduces the basic concept of housing reverse mortgage, summarizes its characteristics and constituent elements, and distinguishes it from the traditional mortgage and the maximum mortgage stipulated in the law of our country. After understanding the concept and operation principle of reverse mortgage of housing, this paper introduces the history and evolution of our government's policy on this system, and the development situation in several major pilot cities in recent years. Then we introduce the difficulties encountered in the implementation process, mainly from the perspective of the incompatible part with the advance legal system, for example, our country currently has a 70-year restriction on the right to use residential land. If we consider the issue of renewal after the expiration of the right to use the right, it will have a great impact on the assessment of the value of the house. For example, if the reverse mortgage appears to exist on the surface as a "liquid mortgage," the elderly themselves are a vulnerable group. So how to protect the rights and interests of mortgagors is an unavoidable topic; the rural old-age problem is particularly serious, but because of the circulation restrictions of homestead use rights can not carry out this pension product and so on. Five questions were introduced. Then the focus of this paper, that is, from the point of view of the law, to the above five questions to try to put forward some feasible suggestions. Including legal arrangements for the renewal of land use rights, This article argues that it should be completely "automatic", "free" and not "properly paid" in current practice (such as Wenzhou), and explains the reasons; the lifting of the "fluid clause"; and the relevant legal considerations therefor. In rural areas, we try to replace financial loans with housing old-age agreement, and establish residence right and so on. One by one, to the best of his ability. " Housing for the aged "," reverse mortgage "is a very hot topic in the current society, but also a controversial but also very valuable issue. This article from the legal point of view put forward some shallow suggestions, hoping to solve the pension problem in our country. For China's laws and regulations with the times, contribute some modest strength.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.282;D922.29

【相似文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 姜軍;鄭曉曉;;我國推行住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險的障礙及政策建議[J];北京建筑工程學(xué)院學(xué)報;2014年01期

2 蔡永為;;建立住房反向抵押制度所涉客體問題的法律思考[J];現(xiàn)代財經(jīng)-天津財經(jīng)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2009年06期

3 鄒翠玉;;我國開展住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險的分析[J];時代金融;2014年08期

4 劉芹;;“倒按揭”的需求有多大?[J];金融博覽;2013年11期

5 ;行政[J];人民政壇;2014年07期

6 ;熱點聚焦[J];北方經(jīng)濟;2014年07期

7 李建偉;;住房反向抵押貸款制度研究[J];中國不動產(chǎn)法研究;2007年00期

8 ;信息超市[J];工友;2014年07期

9 ;政策[J];中國地產(chǎn)市場;2013年10期

10 ;論點匯摘[J];社會福利(理論版);2013年12期

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前9條

1 浙江大學(xué)公共管理學(xué)院教師 楊遴杰;住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老之路如何走？[N];中國國土資源報;2013年

2 本報記者 李克純;住房反向抵押試點啟動 保險企業(yè)審慎應(yīng)對[N];中國房地產(chǎn)報;2014年

3 浙江大學(xué)公共政策研究院研究員 楊遴杰;“住房反向抵押”的前景并不美好[N];東方早報;2013年

4 本報記者 李畫;住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險是小眾產(chǎn)品[N];中國保險報;2014年

5 復(fù)旦大學(xué)經(jīng)濟學(xué)院教授 封進;決定“住房反向抵押”發(fā)展的主要因素[N];東方早報;2013年

6 證券時報記者 何敬東;養(yǎng)老問題迫在眉睫 政府應(yīng)有更多擔(dān)當(dāng)[N];證券時報;2013年

7 記者 李子君;養(yǎng)老服務(wù)將成擴大消費新動力[N];北京商報;2013年

8 記者 甘貝貝;中國式養(yǎng)老探求脫困之路[N];健康報;2013年

9 金牛理財網(wǎng) 李藝菲;養(yǎng)老題材活躍 基金涉足尚淺[N];中國證券報;2013年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 劉雨坤;住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險可行性研究[D];云南財經(jīng)大學(xué);2015年

2 張婷;住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險需求的實證分析[D];首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué);2015年

3 羅茜;住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險制度的政府介入模式研究[D];首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué);2015年

4 尚斌;北京市開展住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老問題研究[D];首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué);2015年

5 桑曉媛;住房反向抵押貸款定價模型及其應(yīng)用研究[D];山東大學(xué);2016年

6 楊智慧;住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險風(fēng)險及其管理[D];西南財經(jīng)大學(xué);2016年

7 王鵬飛;湖南省住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險發(fā)展研究[D];湖南大學(xué);2016年

8 詹晗;論我國住房反向抵押貸款制度的完善[D];安徽大學(xué);2017年

9 彭晨晨;中國住房反向抵押貸款制度的法律研究[D];華東政法大學(xué);2014年

10 羅敏蘭;住房反向抵押養(yǎng)老保險法律問題研究[D];廣東財經(jīng)大學(xué);2015年

，

本文編號：1879992