本文選題：雷達(dá)遙感 + 城市　； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院遙感與數(shù)字地球研究所)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：城鎮(zhèn)是人類(lèi)對(duì)氣候變化影響最深刻、最集中的區(qū)域。隨著城鎮(zhèn)化的快速發(fā)展,出現(xiàn)了氣候變暖、氣象災(zāi)害頻發(fā)、生態(tài)失衡、空氣污染等一系列氣象災(zāi)害和生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題。綜合利用多種遙感數(shù)據(jù)可以監(jiān)測(cè)快速城鎮(zhèn)化過(guò)程中下墊面演變的時(shí)空特征及其對(duì)氣候環(huán)境要素的影響,因此,本文綜合利用夜晚燈光數(shù)據(jù)、散射計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)和合成孔徑雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù),以?xún)蓚�(gè)尺度對(duì)城市下墊面在水平和垂直兩個(gè)方向上的擴(kuò)展程度進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè);并結(jié)合氣象站點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)與WRF氣象預(yù)報(bào)模型分析城市下墊面擴(kuò)張與風(fēng)場(chǎng)變化間的關(guān)系,進(jìn)而明確城鎮(zhèn)化對(duì)區(qū)域氣候環(huán)境變遷的影響及其空間分異規(guī)律。本文研究對(duì)于城市科學(xué)發(fā)展與規(guī)劃、大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量改善,減緩城市氣象災(zāi)害等具有重要意義。本文主要在以下三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行研究:(1)利用QuikSCAT散射計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)與OLS/DMSP夜晚燈光數(shù)據(jù)提取了中國(guó)2000-2009年10年間的城市下墊面范圍及后向散射系數(shù),分析了城市下墊面的變化,討論了不同區(qū)域的城市擴(kuò)張?zhí)攸c(diǎn),并進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的比較�？傮w來(lái)說(shuō),2000-2009年我國(guó)城市擴(kuò)張范圍顯著,城市面積增加了約5倍。然而,城市擴(kuò)張?jiān)诓煌膮^(qū)域表現(xiàn)出顯著的差異,東部地區(qū)擴(kuò)張范圍較大,中部次之,西部擴(kuò)張范圍最小,擴(kuò)張面積與區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平呈現(xiàn)較強(qiáng)的正相關(guān)關(guān)系;此外不同城市群的擴(kuò)張模式也極為不同,主要表現(xiàn)在水平(城市下墊面面積)和垂直(建筑物高度)兩個(gè)方面的差異。(2)由于燈光溢出效應(yīng),夜晚燈光數(shù)據(jù)提取城市下墊面存在提取范圍過(guò)大,提取結(jié)果不準(zhǔn)確的問(wèn)題。而基于ALOS PALSAR提取城市下墊面存在虛警范圍的現(xiàn)象。因此本文利用ALOS PALSAR數(shù)據(jù)與夜晚燈光數(shù)據(jù)相結(jié)合,提出了一種綜合利用多源遙感數(shù)據(jù)提取城市下墊面的方法,有效的去除了SAR數(shù)據(jù)在建成區(qū)提取中存在虛警范圍的問(wèn)題,并用這一方法對(duì)京津冀地區(qū)的城市下墊面的范圍及其變化進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析。并結(jié)合同時(shí)期氣象站點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)討論了城市下墊面擴(kuò)張對(duì)風(fēng)場(chǎng)的影響。結(jié)果表明建成區(qū)面積與高度的增加改變了建成區(qū)下墊面粗糙度,對(duì)風(fēng)速的拖拽效應(yīng)不能忽視。對(duì)于北京區(qū)域而言,城市擴(kuò)展造成的下墊面變化對(duì)于西北風(fēng)的阻擋效應(yīng)尤其顯著。(3)為了驗(yàn)證城鎮(zhèn)化過(guò)程造成風(fēng)速減小這一現(xiàn)象,文章引入WRF氣象預(yù)報(bào)模式。針對(duì)WRF模型設(shè)計(jì)了兩組對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn),從模型的角度分析驗(yàn)證了下墊面變化對(duì)于風(fēng)場(chǎng)的具體影響。試驗(yàn)控制下墊面類(lèi)型作為輸入變量,通過(guò)比較兩組實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可以發(fā)現(xiàn):以遙感數(shù)據(jù)作為輔助信息獲取真實(shí)的地表覆蓋信息作為WRF下墊面的更新輸入有助于提高模型對(duì)氣象要素的模擬精度;風(fēng)場(chǎng)對(duì)于下墊面類(lèi)型變化敏感,城市下墊面的擴(kuò)張區(qū)域的風(fēng)速有明顯的減小。
[Abstract]:Cities and towns are the most profound and concentrated area of human influence on climate change. With the rapid development of urbanization, there are a series of meteorological disasters and ecological environment problems, such as climate warming, frequent meteorological disasters, ecological imbalance, air pollution and so on. Multiple remote sensing data can be used to monitor the spatial and temporal characteristics of the underlying surface evolution and its influence on climate and environment elements in the rapid urbanization process. Therefore, the night light data, scatterometer data and synthetic aperture radar data are used in this paper. The expansion degree of urban underlying surface in horizontal and vertical directions is monitored by two scales, and the relationship between the expansion of urban underlying surface and the variation of wind field is analyzed by combining the meteorological station data and the WRF meteorological forecast model. Furthermore, the influence of urbanization on regional climate and environment change and the law of spatial differentiation are clarified. This paper is of great significance for the development and planning of urban science, the improvement of atmospheric environment quality and the mitigation of urban meteorological disasters. In this paper, the following three aspects are studied: (1) using QuikSCAT scatterometer data and OLS/DMSP night light data, the range and backscatter coefficient of urban underlay in China from 2000 to 2009 are extracted, and the change of urban underlying surface is analyzed. The characteristics of urban expansion in different regions are discussed and compared systematically. In general, China's urban expansion range was significant from 2000 to 2009, with a five-fold increase in urban area. However, urban expansion shows significant differences in different regions. The eastern region has a larger expansion range, the central region is the second, and the western region has the smallest expansion scope. The expansion area has a strong positive correlation with the economic level of the region. In addition, the expansion patterns of different urban agglomerations are also very different, mainly manifested in the differences between horizontal (area of the underlying surface of the city) and vertical (height of buildings) due to the effect of light spillover. Night lighting data extraction of urban underlying surface exists the problem that the extraction range is too large and the result is inaccurate. Based on ALOS PALSAR, there is a false alarm range on the underlying surface of the city. So this paper combines the ALOS PALSAR data with the night light data, and puts forward a comprehensive method of extracting the underlying surface of the city using multi-source remote sensing data, which effectively removes the problem of false alarm range in the extraction of the SAR data in the built area. With this method, the range and variation of the underlying surface of the city in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei are analyzed in detail. The influence of the urban underlying surface expansion on the wind field is discussed based on the meteorological station data of the same period. The results show that the roughness of the underlying surface is changed with the increase of the area and height of the built area, and the drag effect of wind speed cannot be ignored. For the Beijing area, the barrier effect of the change of the underlying surface caused by urban expansion to the northwest wind is especially significant. In order to verify the phenomenon that the wind speed decreases due to the urbanization process, the WRF weather forecast model is introduced in this paper. Two sets of comparative experiments are designed for WRF model. The influence of the change of underlying surface on the wind field is verified from the point of view of the model. The test controls the underlying surface type as an input variable, By comparing two groups of experimental results, it can be found that using remote sensing data as auxiliary information to obtain real ground cover information as the updated input of WRF underlying surface is helpful to improve the simulation accuracy of meteorological elements in the model; The wind field is sensitive to the change of the underlying surface type, and the wind velocity in the expansion area of the urban underlying surface is obviously reduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院遙感與數(shù)字地球研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P407;P461

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