本文選題：美國(guó) + 制造業(yè)�。� 參考：《史學(xué)月刊》2017年11期

【摘要】：美國(guó)制造業(yè)曾經(jīng)歷了兩次重心迥異但又密切關(guān)聯(lián)的重大調(diào)整。第一次調(diào)整始于20世紀(jì)70年代初,到90年代初方告一段落,主要內(nèi)容是"去工業(yè)化"。在此過(guò)程中,東北部-中西部"冰雪帶"和西部-南部"陽(yáng)光帶"此消彼長(zhǎng)。90年代,制造業(yè)的發(fā)展比較平穩(wěn),但進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)后,在中國(guó)等新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體的沖擊下,美國(guó)制造業(yè)就業(yè)再次下滑,引起整個(gè)社會(huì)的關(guān)注,由此出現(xiàn)以重振制造業(yè)為主的第二次調(diào)整,是為"再工業(yè)化"。這次調(diào)整在產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型的同時(shí),區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)布局漸趨均衡。從"去工業(yè)化"到"再工業(yè)化",并不僅僅是制造業(yè)數(shù)量的變化和區(qū)位的移動(dòng),更重要的是,在此過(guò)程中,美國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)換代,區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化,潛能得到了比較充分的釋放,在美國(guó)的總體經(jīng)濟(jì)走向上留下了深深的印記。
[Abstract]:The US manufacturing industry has undergone two major shifts in gravity, but closely related. The first adjustment began in the early 1970s and came to an end in the early 1990s. In the process, the "ice and snow belt" in the northeast, central and western regions, and the "sunshine belt" in the west and south of the country declined one after another. In the 1990s, the development of the manufacturing industry was relatively stable, but after entering the 21st century, under the impact of China and other emerging economies, Manufacturing jobs in the United States have fallen again, drawing attention to the entire society, resulting in a second adjustment focused on reinvigorating manufacturing for "re-industrialization." The adjustment in the industrial transformation at the same time, the regional economic layout gradually balanced. From "de-industrialization" to "re-industrialization", it is not only the quantity change of manufacturing industry and the shift of location, but also, more importantly, in this process, the American industry is upgraded, the regional economic structure is optimized, and the potential is fully released. It has left a deep impression on the overall economic direction of the United States.
【作者單位】： 廈門(mén)大學(xué)人文學(xué)院;上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院世界經(jīng)濟(jì)研究所;
【基金】：國(guó)家社會(huì)科學(xué)基金重大項(xiàng)目“20世紀(jì)世界城市化轉(zhuǎn)型研究”(16ZDA139);國(guó)家社會(huì)科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“美國(guó)制造業(yè)城市轉(zhuǎn)型研究”(12BSS018)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K712
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本文編號(hào)：1832182