本文選題：艾比湖濕地 + 生態(tài)服務功能價值�。� 參考：《新疆師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：干旱、半干旱地區(qū)，濕地作為重要的自然資源，具有涵養(yǎng)水源，調節(jié)氣候，維持生物多樣性等生態(tài)功能，其動態(tài)變化對區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境、社會經濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展以及人類的生活都具有及其重要的影響作用。20世紀50年代以來，隨著大規(guī)模的墾荒和水利工程的修建，使得入湖水量大為減少，艾比湖濕地面積不斷退化，導致周邊的生態(tài)環(huán)境急劇惡化，威脅著北疆地區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境安全，嚴重制約了該地區(qū)社會經濟的發(fā)展。本文以新疆艾比湖濕地自然保護區(qū)為研究對象，通過對艾比湖生態(tài)環(huán)境退化機制分析，運用生態(tài)經濟的相關評價方法，綜合分析了當前艾比湖濕地自然保護區(qū)的生態(tài)經濟價值；并以精河入湖口圍堰恢復區(qū)為例，分析了圍堰區(qū)退化濕地恢復后生態(tài)效應和經濟效應，為濕地的保護和恢復提供科學指導作用，促使?jié)竦刭Y源得到合理保護和利用，為政府制定發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和艾比湖濕地的保護和利用提供理論依據，對該地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境和區(qū)域經濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義，人與自然和諧發(fā)展。主要研究結論如下： （1）艾比湖濕地生態(tài)環(huán)境退化明顯，1972至2011年間，湖泊面積總體呈退縮趨勢，共退縮了115.03km2，，湖泊質心向遠離阿拉山口的東南方向偏移了1.23km，湖泊的西北地區(qū)退化明顯；1900-2011年間，低植被覆蓋區(qū)和較低植被覆蓋區(qū)退化明顯，退化總面積為781.313km2，植被覆蓋景觀趨于明顯破碎化，空間異質性增強。氣候暖干化、大規(guī)模的墾荒、水利工程修建和過快的人口增長給環(huán)境帶來的壓力等是影響艾比湖濕地環(huán)境退化的主要因素。 （2）艾比湖濕地自然保護區(qū)生態(tài)系統服務功能價值主要表現于間接使用價值，2011年的生態(tài)服務功能的總價值為33.54×108元，生態(tài)服務價值構成中濕地服務價值最大的是調節(jié)氣候的生態(tài)功能，服務價值最小的是病蟲害防治的生態(tài)功能，各項服務占總價值的比例，由大到小排序依次為：調節(jié)氣候凈化環(huán)境蓄水棲息地土壤保持凈化氣體養(yǎng)分積累物質產品科教娛樂病蟲害防治，調節(jié)氣候的價值在所有生態(tài)價值中趨于首位。 （3）引水圍堰作為一種濕地恢復措施，在恢復濕地生態(tài)環(huán)境的同時，并且取得了一定規(guī)模的經濟效應，有效的抑制的濕地的退化，應適宜的加以推廣。艾比湖濕地保護區(qū)精河入湖口通過采用引水圍堰工程，退化濕地的植被、土壤均得到了不同程度的恢復，圍堰恢復區(qū)土壤水分明顯高于未圍堰區(qū)，其中50cm-60cm存在明顯的差異，圍堰恢復區(qū)土壤平均有機質比未圍堰區(qū)高4.73mg/kg，圍堰恢復區(qū)土壤pH值介于7.86-8.35之間，平均土壤pH值比為圍堰區(qū)低0.9，圍堰區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境良好，植物種類由旱生向水生演化，但引水圍堰工程的實施改變了原有地區(qū)的地表特征，隨著圍堰恢復工程的深入，導致恢復區(qū)內植物物種多樣性減少且趨于單一化。
[Abstract]:As an important natural resource, wetlands in arid and semi-arid areas have the ecological functions of conserving water, regulating climate and maintaining biodiversity.The sustainable development of society and economy and the life of human beings have played an important role. Since the 1950s, with the large-scale reclamation and construction of water conservancy projects, the amount of water entering the lake has been greatly reduced.The wetland area of Ebinur Lake is continuously degraded, which leads to the rapid deterioration of the surrounding ecological environment, which threatens the ecological environment security of the northern Xinjiang area and seriously restricts the development of the social economy in this area.This paper takes the Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve in Xinjiang as the research object, through analyzing the ecological environment degradation mechanism of Ebinur Lake, and using the relevant evaluation method of ecological economy, comprehensively analyzes the ecological and economic value of the current Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve.The ecological and economic effects of the restoration of degraded wetlands in Jinhe River into Hukou are analyzed, which provides scientific guidance for the protection and restoration of wetlands and promotes the rational protection and utilization of wetland resources.It provides the theoretical basis for the government to formulate the development strategy and the protection and utilization of the Ebinur Lake wetland, which is of great significance to the ecological environment and the sustainable development of the regional economy in this area, and the harmonious development of man and nature.The main findings are as follows:(1) the ecological environment degradation of Ebinur Wetland is obvious. From 1972 to 2011, the lake area showed a general retreat trend, with a total retreat of 115.03km2, the center of mass of the lake shifted 1.23km to the southeast direction far from the Alashankou, and the degradation of the northwestern region of the lake was obvious from 1900-2011.The degradation of low vegetation cover area and lower vegetation cover area is 781.313 km2. The vegetation cover landscape tends to be fragmented and spatial heterogeneity is enhanced.Climate warming drying, large-scale reclamation, water conservancy construction and the pressure brought by rapid population growth are the main factors that affect the environmental degradation of Ebinur Lake wetland.(2) the value of ecosystem service function in Ebinur Wetland Nature Reserve is mainly manifested in indirect use value. The total value of ecosystem service function in 2011 is 33.54 脳 108 yuan.In the composition of ecological service value, the biggest value of wetland service is the ecological function of regulating climate, the least value of service is the ecological function of pest and disease control, and the proportion of each service to the total value.The order from big to small is: adjusting climate purifying environment water storage habitat soil keeping purifying gas nutrient accumulation products science education entertainment disease and insect pest control the value of regulating climate tends to be the first of all ecological values.As a wetland restoration measure, the diversion cofferdam can restore the ecological environment of the wetland and obtain the economic effect on a certain scale at the same time. The effectively restrained degradation of the wetland should be popularized.Through adopting diversion cofferdam project, the vegetation of degraded wetland has been restored to different extent, and the soil moisture in cofferdam restoration area is obviously higher than that in uncofferdam area, in which 50cm-60cm has obvious difference.The average soil organic matter in the cofferdam restoration area was 4.73 mg / kg higher than that in the uncofferdam region, the soil pH value in the cofferdam restoration area was between 7.86-8.35, the average soil pH value was 0.9 lower than that in the cofferdam region, the ecological environment of the cofferdam region was good, and the plant species evolved from xerophytes to aquatic life.However, the implementation of the diversion cofferdam project has changed the surface characteristics of the original area. With the deepening of the cofferdam restoration project, the species diversity of plants in the restoration area decreases and tends to be simple.
【學位授予單位】：新疆師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F127;X36

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