本文選題：自由貿(mào)易區(qū)　切入點：優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則　出處：《河北大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化趨勢的逐漸加強,各種區(qū)域經(jīng)濟合作形式不斷涌現(xiàn),其中作為區(qū)域貿(mào)易安排形式之一的自由貿(mào)易區(qū)(Free Trade Area,簡稱FTA)成為各國經(jīng)濟合作的主要選擇。中國同樣也在積極促進與各國建立FTA,截止到2016年12月,中國已經(jīng)與22個國家和地區(qū)簽署了14個自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定,以中國為輪軸國的FTA體系正逐步形成。為防止自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的貿(mào)易偏轉(zhuǎn)問題,各國在簽訂自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定時添加了優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則,以維護各成員國的利益,推動區(qū)內(nèi)貿(mào)易的快速增長。一國與多國建立自由貿(mào)易區(qū),這在貿(mào)易和投資等方面都產(chǎn)生了積極作用,但是同時也帶來了消極方面:隨著該國簽署的自貿(mào)協(xié)定數(shù)量的增多,作為其核心內(nèi)容的優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則也日趨復雜化,從而給出口企業(yè)帶來的貿(mào)易成本(即優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則貿(mào)易成本)不斷加重,該問題就是本文研究的重點。由于“優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則貿(mào)易成本”是本文提出的新概念,因此,首先對這一概念從內(nèi)涵和外延角度進行詳細解讀,認為優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則貿(mào)易成本是由優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則帶來的企業(yè)為出口產(chǎn)品所要支付的貿(mào)易成本,主要分為制度型貿(mào)易成本、利益分配成本和管理成本。從總體上來看,優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則貿(mào)易成本給自由貿(mào)易區(qū)帶來了一些影響:從貿(mào)易方面分析,優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則貿(mào)易成本抵消了區(qū)內(nèi)的貿(mào)易創(chuàng)造效應,導致成員國之間的貿(mào)易扭曲,同時也削弱了成員國出口企業(yè)對自貿(mào)區(qū)內(nèi)的貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)移效應;從投資方面分析,優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則貿(mào)易成本增強了非成員國出口企業(yè)對區(qū)內(nèi)的投資創(chuàng)造效應,同時引起成員國出口企業(yè)在區(qū)內(nèi)進行投資轉(zhuǎn)移;此外還導致貿(mào)易保護主義加劇。為進一步探究優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則貿(mào)易成本的具體表現(xiàn),本文選取了三種最具代表性的優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則:泛歐模式優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則、北美模式優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則以及中國—東盟FTA優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則進行分析,并得出以下結(jié)論:無論優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則嚴苛還是寬松,它在不同程度上都會給出口企業(yè)帶來貿(mào)易成本,即優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則貿(mào)易成本總是存在,只是其具體體現(xiàn)在優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的不同方面,且側(cè)重點也不同。一般來講,優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則的限制程度越高,其給出口企業(yè)造成的貿(mào)易成本側(cè)重于制度型貿(mào)易成本和利益分配成本的上升,相反,若優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則越寬松,其給出口企業(yè)帶來的貿(mào)易成本則側(cè)重于管理成本的增加。之后基于前面章節(jié)的理論研究,本文還對優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則貿(mào)易成本的出口影響進行了實證分析。最后基于上述研究對如何降低優(yōu)惠原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則貿(mào)易成本提出了相應的對策建議并且就中國自由貿(mào)易區(qū)未來的發(fā)展得出一些啟示。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the gradual strengthening of the trend of regional economic integration, various forms of regional economic cooperation have been emerging. Among them, the Free Trade area, one of the forms of regional trade arrangements, has become the main choice for economic cooperation among countries. China is also actively promoting the establishment of FTAs with other countries until December 2016. China has signed 14 free trade agreements with 22 countries and regions. The FTA system with China as a wheeled country is gradually formed. In signing free trade agreements, countries have added preferential rules of origin in order to safeguard the interests of their member countries and to promote the rapid growth of regional trade. This has had a positive effect on, inter alia, trade and investment, but it has also brought about a negative one: as the number of free trade agreements signed by the country has increased, the preferential rules of origin, the core of which have become increasingly complex, As a result, the trade costs (i.e. preferential rules of origin trade costs) brought to export enterprises are becoming more and more serious. This problem is the focus of this paper. Because "preferential rules of origin trade costs" is a new concept put forward in this paper, First, this concept is explained in detail from the angle of connotation and extension, and it is considered that the trade cost of preferential rules of origin is the trade cost that enterprises have to pay for export products brought about by preferential rules of origin, which are mainly divided into institutional trade costs. Overall, preferential rules of origin trade costs have some impact on free trade zones: from a trade perspective, preferential rules of origin trade costs offset the regional trade creation effect. Leading to trade distortions among member States and weakening the trade transfer effects of exporting enterprises in member countries to the free trade zone; an investment analysis, The trade cost of preferential rules of origin enhances the investment creation effect of non-member export enterprises in the region, at the same time, it causes the export enterprises of member countries to carry on the investment transfer in the region; In order to further explore the specific manifestation of the trade cost of preferential rules of origin, this paper selects three most representative preferential rules of origin: Pan-European preferential rules of origin, Based on the analysis of preferential rules of origin in North America mode and preferential rules of origin in China-ASEAN FTA, the following conclusions are drawn: whether preferential rules of origin are strict or loose, they will bring trade costs to export enterprises in varying degrees. That is, the trade cost of preferential rules of origin always exists, but it is embodied in different aspects of preferential rules of origin, and the emphasis is also different. Generally speaking, the degree of restriction of preferential rules of origin is higher. The trade costs caused to export enterprises are focused on the rise of institutional trade costs and benefit distribution costs. On the contrary, if preferential rules of origin are looser, The trade costs it brings to export enterprises focus on the increase of management costs. This paper also makes an empirical analysis of the export impact of preferential rules of origin on trade costs. Finally, based on the above research, the paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on how to reduce the trade costs of preferential rules of origin and on China's free trade. The future development of the change area gives some enlightenment.
【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F742;F740.45

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