本文選題：生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價　切入點：小流域　出處：《吉林大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：生態(tài)環(huán)境不僅是人類賴以生存的環(huán)境基礎，更是社會經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展的保障。對某一區(qū)域的生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量進行評價，可以全面了解該區(qū)域的生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況，有助于規(guī)劃該區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展計劃。 遙感技術具有大面積同步觀測、時效性強、數(shù)據(jù)綜合可比性強、獲得信息受條件限制少等優(yōu)點；GIS有強大的統(tǒng)計、分析和處理空間信息的功能。所以本文選取遙感和GIS技術來進行生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價。 本文研究區(qū)為東北界河長白山天池—哈巴羅夫斯克段的左右寬各20km的范圍，包括中國、俄羅斯和朝鮮三個國家的邊境部分。近年來，界河地區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境受到嚴重威脅，一些人受利益驅(qū)使，無視法律法規(guī)，在界河邊境地區(qū)違規(guī)養(yǎng)殖、放牧、開荒，甚至進行滅絕性捕撈，嚴重影響邊境地區(qū)的社會穩(wěn)定。河流流域生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞能夠影響所在河流徑流量、河岸的穩(wěn)定性，進而造成水土流失、河道改道，對于國境界河來說，生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的破壞會造成更為嚴重的后果。所以有必要對東北界河地區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量做出評價。 本文選取的評價單元是小流域。以ASTER GDEM為數(shù)據(jù)源，利用ArcGIS的水文分析功能把研究區(qū)劃分了137個小流域。文章提取、分析了研究區(qū)的地形要素（高程、坡度、坡向）、氣象因子（溫度、降水）、土地利用狀況和植被覆蓋度等生態(tài)環(huán)境要素。本文所采用的評價方法是基于研究區(qū)的實際情況，并且參考國家環(huán)境保護總局于2006年發(fā)布的《生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況評價技術規(guī)范（試行）》。文章選取生物豐度指數(shù)、植被覆蓋指數(shù)、水體密度指數(shù)、土地退化指數(shù)和人類活動指數(shù)作為生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價因子，運用綜合指數(shù)法計算得到研究區(qū)137個小流域的生態(tài)環(huán)境綜合指數(shù)。根據(jù)計算的生態(tài)環(huán)境綜合指數(shù)對137個小流域進行等級劃分，，結(jié)果如下：生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量等級為“優(yōu)”的0個；生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量等級為“良”的37個；生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量等級為“一般”的50個；生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量等級為“較差”的48個；生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量等級為“差”的2個。 從評價結(jié)果可以看出，俄羅斯整體的生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量比中國好，而中國的比朝鮮的好。
[Abstract]:Ecological environment is not only the basis of human survival, but also the guarantee of social and economic sustainable development. Help to plan the economic development plan of the region. Remote sensing technology has the advantages of large area synchronous observation, strong time-efficiency, strong comprehensive comparability of data, limited access to information and so on. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and process the function of spatial information, so we select remote sensing and GIS technology to evaluate the ecological environment quality. The study area of this paper is about 20 km wide from the Tianchi to Khabarovsk section of the northeast border river in Changbai Mountain, including the border parts of China, Russia and North Korea. In recent years, the ecological environment of the border river region has been seriously threatened. Some people, driven by interests, ignore laws and regulations and engage in illegal farming, grazing, wasteland and even extinct fishing in border areas along the border rivers. The destruction of the ecological environment in the river basin can affect the river runoff and the stability of the river banks, thus causing soil erosion and river diversion. For the border rivers, Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the ecological environment quality in the northeast boundary river area. The evaluation unit selected in this paper is a small watershed. With ASTER GDEM as the data source, the study area is divided into 137 small watersheds by the hydrological analysis function of ArcGIS. In this paper, the topographic elements (elevation, slope) of the study area are analyzed. Slope direction, meteorological factors (temperature, precipitation, land use and vegetation coverage, etc.) the evaluation method used in this paper is based on the actual situation of the study area. And referring to the Technical Specification for Ecological Environmental condition Assessment (trial) issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2006, this paper selects the biological abundance index, vegetation cover index, water density index, The land degradation index and the human activity index are used as evaluation factors of ecological environment quality. The ecological environment comprehensive index of 137 small watersheds in the study area was calculated by using the synthesis index method. According to the calculated ecological environment comprehensive index, 137 small watersheds were classified as follows: the ecological environment quality grade is "excellent" 0; The grade of ecological environment quality is 37 of "good", 50 of "average", 48 of "poor" and 2 of "bad". From the evaluation results, the overall ecological quality of Russia is better than that of China, and that of China is better than that of North Korea.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X826;P208;X87

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