發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-08 17:21

  本文選題：準(zhǔn)東地區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：生態(tài)環(huán)境　出處：《新疆大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：全球范圍內(nèi)的氣候變化引起的日趨嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問(wèn)題已逐漸被人類(lèi)正視,環(huán)境治理與保護(hù)已受到越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注。為防止自然環(huán)境進(jìn)一步惡化,生態(tài)脆弱性研究已成為可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究中的熱點(diǎn)。近幾年,國(guó)家進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)西部大開(kāi)發(fā)戰(zhàn)略,西部地區(qū)的資源開(kāi)發(fā)和城市建設(shè)進(jìn)程明顯加快,人類(lèi)活動(dòng)范圍不斷擴(kuò)張,同時(shí)也使西北地區(qū)的脆弱生態(tài)環(huán)境受到前所未有的壓力。資源的粗放式開(kāi)發(fā)和環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)的淡薄,進(jìn)一步降低了生態(tài)環(huán)境穩(wěn)定性,造成諸如水土流失、土壤鹽漬化、土地荒漠化以及植被退化等一系列環(huán)境問(wèn)題。準(zhǔn)東地區(qū)位于昌吉州中東部,煤炭資源豐富。在煤炭開(kāi)采的帶動(dòng)下,煤電、煤化工產(chǎn)業(yè)也發(fā)展迅速。煤炭開(kāi)采在促進(jìn)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和社會(huì)快速發(fā)展的同時(shí),也破壞了當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)環(huán)境。對(duì)準(zhǔn)東地區(qū)進(jìn)行生態(tài)脆弱性評(píng)價(jià),科學(xué)分析脆弱成因,對(duì)于政府環(huán)境保護(hù)政策的制定,區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。本研究從自然資源子系統(tǒng)、環(huán)境子系統(tǒng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)子系統(tǒng)、社會(huì)發(fā)展子系統(tǒng)四個(gè)方面,選擇了年均溫、年降水量、人均耕地面積、植被覆蓋度、土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量;坡度、擾動(dòng)程度、重金屬潛在生態(tài)危害;人均GDP、農(nóng)民人均GDP、人均可支配收入;人口密度、基礎(chǔ)教育率、人口自然增長(zhǎng)率14個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),構(gòu)建準(zhǔn)東地區(qū)生態(tài)脆弱性評(píng)價(jià)體系,對(duì)準(zhǔn)東地區(qū)進(jìn)行生態(tài)脆弱性評(píng)價(jià),并用層次分析法確定各子系統(tǒng)以及各評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重。最終根據(jù)各指標(biāo)的得分值和權(quán)重建立研究區(qū)生態(tài)脆弱性評(píng)價(jià)模型EVI,對(duì)準(zhǔn)東地區(qū)生態(tài)脆弱性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)研究區(qū)生態(tài)脆弱性評(píng)價(jià)體系中,四個(gè)子系統(tǒng)的權(quán)重從大到小排序依次為自然資源子系統(tǒng)(0.4155)環(huán)境子系統(tǒng)(0.2926)社會(huì)發(fā)展子系統(tǒng)(0.1849)經(jīng)濟(jì)子系統(tǒng)(0.107)。有8個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)權(quán)重大于0.05,說(shuō)明這8個(gè)指標(biāo)對(duì)準(zhǔn)東地區(qū)生態(tài)脆弱性影響較大,按順序從大到小排列依次為植被覆蓋度人口密度坡度擾動(dòng)程度土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量人均耕地面積人均GDP重金屬潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。(2)準(zhǔn)東地區(qū)生態(tài)脆弱性指數(shù)值范圍在0.2213~0.4847間,平均值0.3686。根據(jù)分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將研究區(qū)生態(tài)脆弱性劃分為五個(gè)等級(jí)。EVI值小于0.2的地區(qū)生態(tài)脆弱性等級(jí)為潛在脆弱,EVI值在0.2~0.4的區(qū)域?yàn)檩p度脆弱,EVI值在0.4~0.6之間為中度脆弱,EVI值在0.6~0.8之間為重度脆弱區(qū),EVI值大于0.8為極端脆弱。經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算得出,研究區(qū)內(nèi)沒(méi)有潛在脆弱區(qū)、重度脆弱區(qū)和極端脆弱區(qū)。大部分地區(qū)處于輕度脆弱程度。輕度脆弱、中度脆弱的面積分別為29218.38 km2、4455.97 km2,分別占準(zhǔn)東地區(qū)總面積的86.77%、13.23%。輕度脆弱區(qū)脆弱性指數(shù)值跨度較大,指數(shù)低的區(qū)域集中在農(nóng)田和草地的地區(qū),較低區(qū)域分布在農(nóng)田周邊的未利用地、城鎮(zhèn)、荒漠和坡度較緩的山區(qū)。中度脆弱區(qū)分布在研究區(qū)地形變化較大、坡度大的山區(qū)和煤礦開(kāi)采、工廠區(qū)域。(3)研究區(qū)內(nèi)各縣市生態(tài)脆弱性方面,阜康市脆弱度最低,奇臺(tái)縣與研究區(qū)整體脆弱度平均值相同,吉木薩爾縣脆弱度平均值稍高于研究區(qū)整體。吉木薩爾縣和奇臺(tái)縣中度脆弱區(qū)面積比例遠(yuǎn)高于阜康市。中度脆弱區(qū)形成的原因是由于煤礦開(kāi)采和工廠生產(chǎn)造成的土壤重金屬潛在生態(tài)危害較高和土地利用類(lèi)型本身的脆弱性;此外,地形變化和景觀類(lèi)型本身的脆弱也是造成脆弱生態(tài)環(huán)境形成的主要原因。
[Abstract]:The increasingly serious environmental problems caused by climate change in the global scope has gradually been human face, management and protection of environment has attracted more and more attention. In order to prevent the further deterioration of the natural environment, ecological vulnerability research has become a hot topic in the study of sustainable development. In recent years, the country to further promote the western development strategy, resource development the western region city construction and speeding up the process of expanding the scope of human activities, but also the fragile ecological environment in Northwest China has been hitherto unknown pressure. The extensive development of resources and environmental protection consciousness, to further reduce the stability of ecological environment caused by, such as soil erosion, soil salinization, land desertification, vegetation degradation a series of environmental problems. The East Junggar area is located in the eastern part of Changji, rich in coal resources in coal mining. Driven by coal, Coal chemical industry has developed rapidly. Coal mining in promoting the rapid development of regional economic growth and society at the same time, also destroyed the local ecological environment. On the regional ecological vulnerability assessment, analysis of cause of fragility of science, for the government to make the policy of environmental protection, has great significance for the sustainable development of the regional economy. The study from the natural resource subsystem, environment subsystem, economic subsystem, social subsystem four aspects of development, choose the annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, per capita arable land area, vegetation coverage, soil organic matter content; slope, degree of disturbance, the potential ecological risk of heavy metals; per capita GDP, per capita GDP, per capita disposable income basic education; population density, rate of natural population growth rate of 14 evaluation indicators, build Zhundong ecological vulnerability evaluation system of ecological vulnerability of Zhundong area evaluation, and hierarchy To determine each subsystem and the weight of each evaluation index analysis method. Finally according to the score of each index value and weight of establishment of ecological vulnerable EVI model evaluation, vulnerability evaluation of Zhundong ecology. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the study area of ecological vulnerability evaluation system, the weights of the four subsystems from to the order of natural resources subsystem environment subsystem (0.4155) (0.2926) (0.1849) social development subsystem and economic subsystem (0.107). 8 of the weight of evaluation index is greater than 0.05, indicating that these 8 indicators have great influence on the ecological fragility of Zhundong area, according to the order in descending order for vegetation population density gradient disturbance of soil organic matter content of the per capita arable land area per capita GDP potential ecological risk of heavy metals. (2) the ecological vulnerability index Zhundong region in the range of 0.2213~0.4847, the average value of 0.3686. according to the Standard, the study area of ecological vulnerability is divided into five grades.EVI value less than 0.2 regional ecological vulnerability rating for the potential vulnerability, EVI value in the 0.2~0.4 region for the mild fragile, EVI value of 0.4~0.6 is moderate fragile, EVI value is between 0.6~0.8 for severe fragile areas, EVI greater than 0.8 is extremely fragile. After calculation, the research did not potentially vulnerable region, severe fragile area and extremely vulnerable area. In most areas of mild vulnerability. Mild vulnerability, moderate vulnerability of the area was 29218.38 km24455.97 km2, respectively, the total area of Zhundong 86.77% 13.23%. light fragile area vulnerability index value of large span, low index concentrated in the areas of farmland and grassland area, the lower the regional distribution in the farmland surrounding towns, unused land, desert and mountain slope is relatively slow. Moderate vulnerability areas distributed in the study area to form larger changes The mountains and steep slope, coal mining, factory area. (3) in the study area of each county ecological vulnerability, the vulnerability of Fukang City, Qitai county and the lowest, the overall average value of the same vulnerability research area, Jimsar County vulnerability average slightly higher than the whole area of Jimsar county and Qitai County. Moderate vulnerable area the proportion is much higher than that of Fukang city. The reason is due to the formation of moderate vulnerable area of coal mining and factory production caused by the high potential ecological risk of heavy metals in soil and land use types of vulnerability; in addition, the terrain changes and landscape type itself is also the main reason causing the fragile fragile ecological environment.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X171;P208;P228.4;X87

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