發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-31 08:00

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 生態(tài)修復(fù) 人工檉柳大蕓 和田地區(qū) 新疆　出處：《新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：新疆和田地區(qū)是典型的干旱區(qū)，自然因素決定了區(qū)內(nèi)各類自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的生物量低、系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、穩(wěn)定性差、易遭受破壞并且難以恢復(fù)，并體現(xiàn)出十分脆弱的特征。為了改善生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和生產(chǎn)條件，和田地區(qū)充分利用國家加快發(fā)展民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)、大力改善生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的有利時(shí)機(jī)，以天然林保護(hù)為基礎(chǔ)，人工生態(tài)林建設(shè)為突破口，逐步摸索出了一條治理沙漠、保護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)新模式，并取得了巨大的生態(tài)效益、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。 本文在深刻認(rèn)識(shí)生態(tài)修復(fù)重要性的基礎(chǔ)上，以生態(tài)修復(fù)理論與方法為指導(dǎo)，充分利用文獻(xiàn)檢索獲得的研究數(shù)據(jù)，采取規(guī)范與實(shí)證相結(jié)合、定量與定性相結(jié)合的研究方法，在實(shí)地調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上開展研究工作，對(duì)和田地區(qū)生態(tài)修復(fù)工程相關(guān)效益進(jìn)行了研究，并得出如下結(jié)論： （1）生態(tài)效益方面：人工檉柳林的種植能夠增加土壤中粘粒、粉粒的含量，提高土壤的肥力，降低白晝氣溫日較差和相對(duì)濕度日較差，并有效的減弱風(fēng)速，同時(shí)還使得當(dāng)?shù)厣锒鄻有杂兴黾�，，尤其是各試點(diǎn)縣項(xiàng)目區(qū)內(nèi)植被變化顯著，蓋度明顯提高。 （2）經(jīng)濟(jì)效益方面：人工檉柳大蕓生態(tài)修復(fù)項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施，使農(nóng)民可利用的土地增多，農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)重心向綠色產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移，不僅對(duì)國民生產(chǎn)總值的增加起到了一定促進(jìn)作用，還帶動(dòng)了第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，使產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)在向多元化的合理方向調(diào)整；同時(shí)，也推動(dòng)著地方財(cái)政收入和人均年收入持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，使經(jīng)濟(jì)得到迅速發(fā)展，農(nóng)民得到的實(shí)惠越來越多。 （3）社會(huì)效益方面：人工檉柳大蕓生態(tài)修復(fù)項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施，解決了生態(tài)林建設(shè)不能產(chǎn)生直接經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的世界性難題，開辟了和田地區(qū)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的新途徑，緩解了人口就業(yè)難的問題；同時(shí)，還改善了農(nóng)民生活質(zhì)量、提高了當(dāng)?shù)厝丝谒刭|(zhì)、密切了社會(huì)群眾關(guān)系，使社會(huì)秩序和社會(huì)風(fēng)氣向良好的方向發(fā)展，人民總體滿意度得到大幅度提升。 總而言之，本次研究積極探索了人工檉柳大蕓生態(tài)修復(fù)的模式，科學(xué)地分析和評(píng)價(jià)生態(tài)修復(fù)項(xiàng)目實(shí)施后為和田地區(qū)帶來的生態(tài)效益、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益，為生態(tài)修復(fù)工程的推廣和應(yīng)用提供重要的理論依據(jù)，為自治區(qū)及和田地區(qū)政府相關(guān)部門決策提供科學(xué)依據(jù)，而且對(duì)促進(jìn)區(qū)域農(nóng)、林業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Hetian region in Xinjiang is a typical arid area. Natural factors determine the low biomass, simple system structure, poor stability, easy to be destroyed and difficult to recover in all kinds of natural ecosystems in this region. In order to improve the ecosystem and production conditions, Hotan region makes full use of the state to speed up the development of the national economy, and vigorously improve the ecosystem. Based on the protection of natural forest and the construction of artificial ecological forest as a breakthrough, a new mode of controlling desert, protecting ecosystem and developing economy has been gradually found out, and great ecological benefits have been obtained. Economic and social benefits. Based on the deep understanding of the importance of ecological restoration, this paper takes the theory and method of ecological restoration as the guidance, makes full use of the research data obtained by literature retrieval, and adopts the combination of norms and empirical evidence. Based on the field investigation, the quantitative and qualitative research methods are used to study the benefits of the ecological restoration project in Hotan area. The conclusions are as follows: 1) Ecological benefits: the planting of artificial Tamarix chinensis forest can increase the content of clay and silt in soil, improve soil fertility, reduce the daily range of temperature and relative humidity, and effectively weaken the wind speed. At the same time, it also increased the local biodiversity, especially the vegetation change and coverage in the pilot counties. 2) Economic benefits: the implementation of the ecological rehabilitation project of Tamarix chinensis has increased the amount of land available to farmers and shifted the focus of rural economy to green industry. It not only promotes the increase of GNP, but also promotes the development of tertiary industry, and makes the industrial structure adjust in the direction of diversification. At the same time, it also promotes the local financial revenue and per capita annual income to continue to increase, so that the economy has been rapid development, farmers get more and more benefits. Social benefits: the implementation of Tamarix chinensis ecological restoration project solves the worldwide problem that ecological forest construction can not produce direct economic benefits, and opens up a new way of regional economic growth in Hotan area. Alleviates the population employment difficult problem; At the same time, the quality of life of the peasants has been improved, the quality of the local population has been improved, and the relations among the masses have been close, so that the social order and social atmosphere have been developed in a good direction, and the overall satisfaction of the people has been greatly improved. In a word, this study actively explored the ecological restoration model of artificial Tamarix chinensis, and scientifically analyzed and evaluated the ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits brought by the implementation of ecological restoration project for Hotan area. It provides an important theoretical basis for the promotion and application of ecological restoration engineering, provides scientific basis for the decision-making of the relevant government departments in the autonomous region and Hotan area, and promotes the regional agriculture. The sustainable development of forestry has certain realistic guiding significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：S793.5;F326.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號(hào)：1478653