本文關(guān)鍵詞： 中國式分權(quán) 收入不平等 轉(zhuǎn)移支付 非對稱性　出處：《安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：收入不平等會(huì)引發(fā)諸多的社會(huì)矛盾。正如諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家劉易斯所言,收入分配的轉(zhuǎn)折變化因其極易引致嫉妒情緒和社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩,故而具有一定的政治意味。充分探究這一系列變化過程和原因?qū)τ谡贫ㄏ鄳?yīng)戰(zhàn)略政策具有重要意義。根據(jù)官方統(tǒng)計(jì)研究數(shù)據(jù)顯示,自2003年以來,我國的基尼系數(shù)均大于0.4,始終高于全球200多個(gè)國家和地區(qū)的平均水平,2008年一度達(dá)到0.491,2014年為0.469,過去的2015年高達(dá)0.462。如若將非常規(guī)收入因素參考入內(nèi),基尼數(shù)據(jù)將會(huì)更大,探究居民收入不平等問題產(chǎn)生的根源并探尋相應(yīng)的政策成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急。然而正如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家丹尼爾.貝爾所言:每一個(gè)社會(huì)性問題,甚而包括每個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)性問題,說到底都可以歸屬于財(cái)政問題。有鑒中國式分權(quán)究竟是助推抑或降低城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不平等在理論上仍未達(dá)成共識(shí),文章首先基于中國式分權(quán)的典型化事實(shí),從預(yù)算內(nèi)外兩個(gè)層面理論詮釋收支分權(quán)對收入不平等的作用機(jī)制,然后在對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入基尼系數(shù)和中國式分權(quán)水平進(jìn)行全面測度的基礎(chǔ)上,建立面板數(shù)據(jù)模型從全國和分區(qū)域視角實(shí)證考察了中國式分權(quán)對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不平等的影響,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)一是無論是從全國抑或分區(qū)域,預(yù)算內(nèi)收入分權(quán)的提升均有利于降低城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不平等。二是預(yù)算內(nèi)支出分權(quán)的提升雖然從全國會(huì)加劇城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不平等,但在預(yù)算內(nèi)支出分權(quán)水平相對較低的中西部地區(qū),仍可以顯著降低城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不平等。三是預(yù)算外收支分權(quán)對全國與東中西部地區(qū)的城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不平等的影響具有一致性。總體而言,在全國和分地區(qū)的實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)中,預(yù)算內(nèi)外的財(cái)政分權(quán)與城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不平等之間較為復(fù)雜,東、中、西部地區(qū)具有差異性影響,而同時(shí)期的控制變量,諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平、城鎮(zhèn)化和對外開放度對城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不平等的影響同樣具有顯著的地區(qū)差異。與此同時(shí),值得關(guān)注的是根據(jù)財(cái)政分權(quán)經(jīng)典理論文獻(xiàn),轉(zhuǎn)移支付作為財(cái)政分權(quán)的重要組成部分,與城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不平等卻呈現(xiàn)出較為統(tǒng)一的正相關(guān)關(guān)系�；诂F(xiàn)實(shí)中財(cái)政分權(quán)并未實(shí)現(xiàn)完全意義上的縮小城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不平等,轉(zhuǎn)移支付作為中央政府宏觀調(diào)控的重要手段,其在縮小城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不平等中是否具有調(diào)節(jié)作用,以及轉(zhuǎn)移支付在地方政府實(shí)踐中落實(shí)情況如何均值得進(jìn)一步探究。故而隨后,文章基于財(cái)政分權(quán)背景,從理論和實(shí)證雙層面重點(diǎn)探究轉(zhuǎn)移支付與收入不平等之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系。首先從財(cái)政收入和支出領(lǐng)域的異質(zhì)性出發(fā),重點(diǎn)分析轉(zhuǎn)移支付存在的必要性,進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)“激勵(lì)機(jī)制”在轉(zhuǎn)移支付與城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不平等之間的紐帶作用。實(shí)證分析中,引入財(cái)政分權(quán)非對稱性變量和三大類型轉(zhuǎn)移支付系數(shù),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):一是財(cái)政分權(quán)非對稱性與全國以及分地區(qū)的城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不平等具有一致正相關(guān)關(guān)系。二是在全樣本的分析中,轉(zhuǎn)移支付依賴與城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不平等顯著正相關(guān)。在分地區(qū)的研究中,轉(zhuǎn)移支付依賴性的提升會(huì)不同程度加劇中、西部地區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不平等,然而在東部地區(qū)卻顯示出顯著正面效應(yīng)。三是轉(zhuǎn)移支付分項(xiàng)分析中,稅收返還在全國以及分地區(qū)居民收入不平等的影響均顯著為負(fù);一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付有效的降低了東部地區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不平等,對全國以及中、西部地區(qū)的影響卻為正;專項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付有效的降低了東部和中部地區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不平等,卻顯著增加西部地區(qū)的城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不平等。在全樣本的考察中雖然專項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付與城鄉(xiāng)居民居民收入不平等負(fù)相關(guān),但是并不顯著。四是諸如人均GDP發(fā)展速度、人口的自然增長率、人均外商投資額以及人均受教育年限的影響具有顯著區(qū)域特征,與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、人文、政策環(huán)境密切相關(guān)。最后提出把握財(cái)政分權(quán)的力度和方向,合理劃分財(cái)權(quán)與事權(quán)范圍、規(guī)范轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度的規(guī)模和方向,加強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付的制度化建設(shè)以及因地制宜制定地區(qū)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,推進(jìn)區(qū)域城鄉(xiāng)收入均等化的相關(guān)建議,在轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度建設(shè)中要控制稅收法返還的規(guī)模,不斷完善稅收返還的制度建設(shè)、加強(qiáng)一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付建設(shè),擴(kuò)大一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付以及制定明確專項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付標(biāo)準(zhǔn),保證其適度性規(guī)模。
[Abstract]:Income inequality will lead to many social contradictions. As the economist Nobel Lewis said, the change of income distribution because of its easily lead to jealousy and social unrest, it has a certain political meaning. This fully explore a series of change process and reason is important for the government to formulate the corresponding strategy according to the official statistics on the policy. Data show that since 2003, China's Gini coefficient is greater than 0.4, is always higher than the global average of more than 200 countries and regions, in 2008 was 0.4912014 for 0.469 years, the last 2015 up to 0.462. if unconventional income factors in reference, the Gini data will be bigger, causes of income not inquiry the problem of equality and explore the appropriate policy has become a pressing matter of the moment. However, as the economist Daniel Baer said: every social problem, even Including the problem of each economy, in the final analysis can be attributed to the financial problems. How Chinese decentralization is boosting or in reducing urban-rural income inequality has not yet reached a consensus in theory, firstly, based on the typical facts Chinese decentralization, from two aspects of theory and budget expenditure decentralization mechanism of income inequality then, based on the comprehensive measure of urban and rural residents' income Gini coefficient and China decentralization level, establish panel data model from national and regional perspective to examine the influence of China on decentralization of urban-rural income inequality, the result is found either from the national or regional, budgetary revenue decentralization promotion are conducive to reducing the urban-rural income inequality. Two budget expenditure decentralization increase although from the national will exacerbate the urban-rural income inequality, but In the budget expenditure decentralization of relatively low levels of the Midwest, still can significantly reduce the urban-rural income inequality. Three is the impact of budgetary revenue and expenditure decentralization of the country and the eastern and western regions of the urban and rural residents' income inequality is consistent. Overall, the empirical test of national and region, between inside and outside the budget fiscal decentralization and urban and rural income inequality is more complex, East, with differences in the impact of the western region, while the same period of the control variables, such as the level of economic development, urbanization and the opening degree of urban-rural income inequality effects also has significant regional differences. At the same time, the concern is based on finance the classical theory of decentralization literature, transfer payment as an important part of fiscal decentralization, and the urban-rural income inequality is positively related to a more unified. Based on the present In reality the fiscal decentralization has not realized the full sense of narrowing the urban-rural income inequality, the central government transfer payment as an important means of macro-control, the narrowing of the income of urban and rural residents are not equal in its role and how to implement the transfer payment are worthy of further study in local government practice. So then, the fiscal decentralization based on the background, from the theoretical and empirical level focuses on the relationship between transfer payment and income inequality. Firstly, the heterogeneity of fiscal revenue and expenditure in the field of view, analysis of the necessity of transfer payment are key, further emphasized the role of incentive mechanism in the transfer payment between urban and rural residents income inequality. The empirical analysis, the introduction of fiscal decentralization asymmetric variables and three types of transfer coefficient, the results showed that the fiscal decentralization is to According to national and sub regional and urban-rural income inequality has a consistent positive relationship. The two is in the full sample analysis, transfer dependence and urban-rural income inequality is positively related. In the study area, the transfer payment will enhance the dependence of different degree increased, the income of urban and rural area residents are not equal, however, in the eastern region has shown significant positive effect. The three is the transfer payment item analysis, tax rebates in national and sub regional income inequality is significantly negative; general transfer payments can effectively reduce the income of urban and rural residents in the eastern region of the country and inequality. The western region is positive; the special transfer payment is effective to reduce the eastern and central areas of urban and rural residents' income inequality, but a significant increase in the western region of urban and rural residents income inequality in the whole. Sample inspection while the special transfer payment of urban and rural residents' income inequality is negatively correlated, but not significantly. Four such as per capita GDP development speed, the natural population growth rate, per capita foreign investment and per capita schooling effect has obvious regional characteristics, cultural and regional economic development, and the policy environment are closely related. Finally, the strength and direction of fiscal decentralization, the rational division of property rights and the governance scope, scale and direction of the standard transfer payment system, strengthen the system construction of the transfer payment and formulate the regional development strategy, relevant recommendations on how to promote income equality between urban and rural areas of the transfer payment in tax law to control the return of scale in the construction of system. To perfect the system of tax rebates, to strengthen the construction of general transfer payments, increase general transfer payments and special to make clear Transfer payment standards to ensure the scale of their appropriateness.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7;F812.45

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