本文關(guān)鍵詞： 人民幣國際化 區(qū)域化 區(qū)域貿(mào)易 區(qū)域金融　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在2008年金融危機(jī)和稍后歐洲爆發(fā)主權(quán)債務(wù)危機(jī)過程中，美國多次用“量化寬松”的貨幣政策增發(fā)貨幣，來刺激低迷的經(jīng)濟(jì)，緩解雙赤字壓力，彌補(bǔ)低增長和失業(yè)高企的困境。而美元的波動也為其它主要貿(mào)易國的貨幣穩(wěn)定和貿(mào)易結(jié)算以及外匯儲備帶來了持續(xù)的沖擊。 回顧歷史，正二戰(zhàn)后美國綜合國力迅猛發(fā)展，成就了美元的霸權(quán)地位，以美元為中心的單極貨幣體系得以成形。但同時單極貨幣體系帶來的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)、貿(mào)易、消費(fèi)、儲蓄的失衡是直接導(dǎo)致2008年全球經(jīng)濟(jì)動蕩的深層原因之一。次貸危機(jī)引發(fā)的金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)和蔓延對國際貨幣市場形成巨大沖擊，也將對國際貨幣體系產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。而幾乎同時，，歐洲面臨主權(quán)債務(wù)危機(jī)的掣肘，除英國（未納入歐元體系）之外的歐洲主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體先后受到不同程度的影響，由于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長不一致所引發(fā)的對歐洲統(tǒng)一貨幣政策的肢解已危及歐元的穩(wěn)定性，甚至存在性。進(jìn)而引發(fā)歐盟經(jīng)濟(jì)體債務(wù)違約的風(fēng)險，歐元因此在短期內(nèi)難以勝任替代美元成為全球結(jié)算貨幣和儲備資產(chǎn)的重任。基于多種因素考慮，在未來相當(dāng)長一段時間內(nèi)，美元作為全球儲備“硬通貨”的地位仍難以被撼動，美元仍將在國際貨幣體系中處于主導(dǎo)地位，短期內(nèi)國際貨幣體系的單極格局依然難以改變。 單極貨幣體系具有權(quán)利義務(wù)不對稱、利己性、缺乏約束制衡機(jī)制等內(nèi)在缺陷，從單極向多極貨幣體系的演進(jìn)和改革必然是曲折而漫長的過程。此次全球金融危機(jī)使得美國和歐盟經(jīng)濟(jì)體的消費(fèi)急劇下降、流動性枯竭、大量企業(yè)倒閉、失業(yè)人數(shù)增加。美元和歐元受到不同程度的打擊，這為人民幣國際化，成為多極貨幣的一極奠定了現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。當(dāng)前人民幣在全球范圍內(nèi)有限的交易量和儲藏量，與中國的貿(mào)易大國地位并不相稱，使得漸進(jìn)開放的中國面臨諸多掣肘和制約。由此凸顯人民幣國際化的重要性和必要性。同時，當(dāng)前中國處于高速經(jīng)濟(jì)增長向次高速經(jīng)濟(jì)增長過渡的階段，即從年均經(jīng)濟(jì)增長8%-9%向8%-7%演變的過程。經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、增長方式轉(zhuǎn)變、節(jié)能減排、平衡和協(xié)調(diào)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、保障民生、拓展金融市場、加強(qiáng)金融監(jiān)管和改革力度，都是當(dāng)前中國經(jīng)濟(jì)急需解決的根本問題。而人民幣國際化對于上述政策目標(biāo)無疑即具有推動作用又具有一定的風(fēng)險擾動作用。如何權(quán)衡利弊，特別是在當(dāng)前中國面臨區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)增長調(diào)整、加速中西部發(fā)展優(yōu)化東部地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、縮小工業(yè)在不同省份之間的差距、加速第三產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的大背景下，推動人民幣國際化無疑具有了充分的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。既要有利于中國出口貿(mào)易的穩(wěn)步發(fā)展，又要呼應(yīng)中國經(jīng)濟(jì)改革，深化結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整力度，這是擺在學(xué)者、專家和政策制定者面前最為緊迫和關(guān)鍵的問題。本文認(rèn)為，從單極到多元是國際貨幣改革的基本方向，人民幣國際化和區(qū)域化是中國經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展和實(shí)現(xiàn)中國夢必然的戰(zhàn)略選擇。中國應(yīng)抓住機(jī)遇，趨利避害，積極推動人民幣國際區(qū)域化進(jìn)程。
[Abstract]:In 2008 the outbreak of the financial crisis and the sovereign debt crisis in Europe later in the process, the United States several times with the policy of "quantitative easing" issuance of currency, to stimulate the sluggish economy, alleviate the pressure for double deficit, low growth and high unemployment dilemma. While the dollar volatility for its major trading nations monetary stability and trade the settlement of foreign exchange reserves and brought a sustained impact.
Review the history of the United States after World War II, is the comprehensive national strength of rapid development, the achievements of the hegemony of the dollar, with the dollar as the center of the single monetary system to be forming. But at the same time unipolar monetary system due to the global economic, trade, consumption, savings imbalance is a direct result of global economic turmoil in one of the underlying causes of the subprime mortgage crisis in 2008. The outbreak of the financial crisis and the spread of the international monetary market formed a huge impact, will also have a profound impact on the international monetary system. At the same time, the European sovereign debt crisis facing constraints, in addition to the UK (not included in the euro) major European economies outside has affected, due to economic growth caused by the inconsistent the European single currency policy has been dismembered threaten the euro's stability, even exist. Then lead to the risk of debt default in the EU economy and the euro in In the short term is difficult to do the task to replace the dollar as the global currency and reserve assets. Based on a variety of factors, in the future for a long period of time, "the US dollar as the global reserve currency" status is still difficult to shake, the dollar will remain in the international monetary system in the leading position, the unipolar pattern of short-term international currency the system is still difficult to change.
The monetary system has the rights and obligations of the asymmetric monopole, selfish, lack of constraint mechanism of internal defects, from single to multi currency system evolution and reform must be long and tortuous process. The global financial crisis makes the United States and the EU economy consumption fell sharply, liquidity dried up, a large number of enterprises closed down, unemployment increased. The dollar and the euro to varying degrees of combat, which for the internationalization of the RMB, become a multi currency pole laid a basis in reality. The current RMB limited worldwide trading volume and the amount of storage, Chinese does not assort with the trade power, the gradual opening of China faces many constraints and constraints so as to highlight the importance and necessity of. The internationalization of the RMB. At the same time, the current China in rapid economic growth to the rapid economic growth in the transitional stage, the average annual economic growth The process of 8%-9% evolution to 8%-7%. The adjustment of economic structure, change the mode of growth, energy saving and emission reduction, economic growth, regional balance and coordination of the protection of people's livelihood, expand the financial market, to strengthen the reform of financial supervision and regulation, is a fundamental problem of the Chinese economic need. And the internationalization of the RMB for the above policy goal is undoubtedly has a certain the risk of disturbance role. How to balance, especially in the face of regional economic growth China adjustment, optimization of industrial structure of the eastern region to accelerate the development of industry in the Midwest, narrowing the gap between different provinces, the background of accelerating the development of the third industry, to promote the internationalization of the RMB has sufficient practical significance and be conducive to the steady. The development of China export trade, but also echoed China economic reform, deepen structural adjustment, which is placed in the scholars, experts and government Policymakers face the most urgent and key issue. This paper argues that from unipolar to pluralism is the basic direction of international monetary reform, the RMB internationalization and regionalization is an inevitable strategic choice and implementation China dream of the rapid development of economy. China China should seize the opportunity to actively promote the process of international and regional currency.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F832.6

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