本文關(guān)鍵詞： 陜南地區(qū) 生態(tài)移民 成本　出處：《西北大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國西部地區(qū)的生態(tài)移民是一項牽扯環(huán)境、資源、經(jīng)濟、社會等各個方面的龐大工程,移民的搬遷關(guān)系到區(qū)域經(jīng)濟、社會與生態(tài)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展問題,生態(tài)移民是解決生態(tài)環(huán)境和消除貧困的最有效辦法之一。陜南地區(qū)位于陜西省的南部,從東往西依次是商洛、安康、漢中三市,轄內(nèi)包括28個縣(區(qū))大約920萬人,人口總數(shù)為陜西省總?cè)丝诘乃姆种弧ｊ兡系貐^(qū)是陜西省地質(zhì)和山洪災(zāi)害的高發(fā)區(qū),其中地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的頻發(fā)區(qū)占到陜南地區(qū)總面積的50%以上,以至于大量的群眾都生活在有安全隱患的山區(qū)。2011年陜西省省委和省政府決定對陜南地區(qū)的群眾進行生態(tài)移民搬遷,將生活在山區(qū)和地質(zhì)災(zāi)害區(qū)的人群搬遷到生存環(huán)境優(yōu)越的地區(qū),是保護自然環(huán)境的必然選擇,也是消除地區(qū)貧困的重要措施。 本文以陜南生態(tài)移民作為研究對象,從成本的角度作為切入點,研究在整個移民搬遷過程中的成本付出問題,首先闡述了生態(tài)移民的理論基礎(chǔ),認為人口遷移理論、交易成本理論和人力資本理論是生態(tài)移民的理論基礎(chǔ)。其次分析了陜南地區(qū)生態(tài)移民的緣起和現(xiàn)狀,從陜南地區(qū)的自然地理特征、經(jīng)濟社會特征和自然災(zāi)害概況分析中得出陜南地區(qū)生態(tài)移民搬遷是十分必要的,進而研究了陜南生態(tài)移民搬遷的背景、特點和現(xiàn)狀,指出其搬遷的重要意義。第三從貨幣成本角度分析政府和移民在搬遷中的成本負擔(dān)情況,其中政府的貨幣成本包括安置成本、公共設(shè)施成本和行政成本,移民的貨幣成本包括安置成本、生活成本、就業(yè)成本和機會成本。第四從非貨幣成本角度分析政府和移民的成本負擔(dān)情況,其中政府的非貨幣成本包括公信力、社會穩(wěn)定性和環(huán)境成本,移民的非貨幣成本包括心理成本、社會關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)和風(fēng)險成本。最后分析了政府與移民在此次搬遷中的收益情況,其中政府的收益包括生態(tài)收益、經(jīng)濟收益和社會收益,移民的收益包括短期收益和長期收益。通過對搬遷成本和收益情況的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)其中存在資金、后續(xù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)和移民教育培訓(xùn)的問題,提出相關(guān)的對策解決問題。 本文的主要研究結(jié)論為政府和移民二者的貨幣成本負擔(dān)主要集中在安置成本方面,也就是建房費用。非貨幣成本是一種隱性成本,它對移民搬遷工程有著長遠的影響,在移民工程中政府和移民都需處理好隱性的非貨幣成本。通過對搬遷成本的分析,政府的主要困境集中在資金缺失及資金有效利用方面,移民的主要困境集中在建壽資金的不足及后續(xù)生計問題。通過對移民搬遷過程中的成本研究,分析影響移民搬遷的重點影響因素,以此為今后幾年政府在進行搬遷時成本的投入量作以參考,成本的投入有所側(cè)重點,也期望為區(qū)域生態(tài)移民的搬遷提供一定的參考。
[Abstract]:Ecological migration in western China is a huge project involving environment, resources, economy, society and so on. The relocation of migrants is related to the sustainable development of regional economy, society and ecology. Ecological migration is one of the most effective ways to solve the ecological environment and eliminate poverty. Southern Shaanxi is located in the south of Shaanxi Province, followed by Shangluo, Ankang and Hanzhong from east to west. There are about 9.2 million people in 28 counties (districts) and the total population is 1/4 of the total population of Shaanxi Province. The southern part of Shaanxi Province is a high incidence area of geological and mountain flood disasters in Shaanxi Province. The frequency of geological hazards accounts for more than 50% of the total area in southern Shaanxi. In 2011, the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government decided to carry out ecological migration to the people in southern Shaanxi. It is an inevitable choice to protect the natural environment and also an important measure to eliminate regional poverty by moving people living in mountainous areas and geological disaster areas to areas with superior living environment. This paper takes the ecological migration of southern Shaanxi as the research object, from the point of view of cost, studies the problem of cost pay in the whole process of migration, and first expounds the theoretical basis of ecological migration. Population migration theory, transaction cost theory and human capital theory are the theoretical basis of ecological migration. Secondly, the origin and current situation of ecological migration in southern Shaanxi are analyzed, and the natural geographical characteristics of southern Shaanxi are analyzed. In the analysis of economic and social characteristics and natural disasters it is very necessary to study the background characteristics and current situation of ecological migration in southern Shaanxi. Third, the paper analyzes the cost burden of the government and immigrants in the relocation from the point of view of monetary cost, in which the monetary cost of the government includes the cost of resettlement, the cost of public facilities and the cost of administration. The monetary cost of immigration includes the cost of resettlement, the cost of living, the cost of employment and the cost of opportunity. 4th analyzes the cost burden of government and immigrants from the perspective of non-monetary cost, in which the non-monetary cost of government includes credibility. Social stability and environmental costs, the non-monetary costs of immigrants include psychological costs, social networks and risk costs. Finally, the income of the government and immigrants in the relocation is analyzed. The income of the government includes ecological income, economic benefit and social income, while the income of immigrants includes short-term income and long-term income. Through the analysis of the cost and income of relocation, we find that there are funds. Following the problems of industry development and immigrant education and training, put forward the relevant countermeasures to solve the problems. The main conclusion of this paper is that the monetary cost burden of the government and immigrants is mainly concentrated in the resettlement cost, that is, the cost of building the house. The non-monetary cost is a kind of hidden cost. It has a long-term impact on the relocation project, in which both the government and the migrants need to deal with the hidden non-monetary costs, through the analysis of the relocation costs. The main dilemma of the government is the lack of funds and the effective use of funds. The main dilemma of migrants is the shortage of life fund and the follow-up livelihood. This paper analyzes the key factors that affect the relocation of migrants, so as to provide a reference for the cost of the government to move in the next few years, and the cost of the investment is focused. It is also expected to provide a certain reference for the relocation of regional ecological migrants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D632.4

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