本文關(guān)鍵詞：曹妃甸新區(qū)生態(tài)重要性識別及土地利用空間布局優(yōu)化研究　出處：《河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

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【摘要】：土地是人類賴以生存的空間,是人類社會生產(chǎn)中重要的自然資源和生產(chǎn)資源,是地球上各類復(fù)雜的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的載體及物種的棲息地。隨著人口增長,城市化進程的推進,土地開發(fā)利用的強度逐漸增大,進而引發(fā)一系列的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題。在人口資源環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展的大背景下,如何使地球上有限的資源在時空上最合理、最有效地組合或配置,使各種資源得到充分有效的利用,兼顧社會、經(jīng)濟和生態(tài)效益,成為當前研究的前沿和熱點。本文從生態(tài)保護的視角出發(fā),基于RS、GIS技術(shù)平臺,系統(tǒng)的分析了曹妃甸新區(qū)土地利用變化及所引起的景觀格局變化情況,并構(gòu)建生態(tài)重要性識別體系,識別出對于維護和控制土地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)安全具有關(guān)鍵性作用的地段,構(gòu)建土地利用空間優(yōu)化模型,從空間布局上為協(xié)調(diào)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟和生態(tài)保護提供一種操作性較強的方法。通過研究,得出以下結(jié)論:(1)1992-2012年,曹妃甸新區(qū)鹽田、建設(shè)用地面積大量增加,耕地、林地和水域濕地呈現(xiàn)波動變化,耕地先減少后增加,灘涂和未利用地均處于減少趨勢。建設(shè)用地的增加主要來源于耕地及圍海造地占用沿海灘涂。耕地先減少后增加,主要由于建設(shè)占用和其他轉(zhuǎn)化大于未利用地等補充耕地量。這些變化主要源于人類活動對曹妃甸新區(qū)土地利用變化的干擾程度日益增強。(2)土地利用變化引起區(qū)域內(nèi)景觀格局變化。研究期間,曹妃甸新區(qū)土地利用景觀破碎化程度加劇,不同景觀類型間的干擾度增加,從而使生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性降低。因此有必要以生態(tài)保護為約束,優(yōu)化曹妃甸新區(qū)土地利用空間格局。(3)極重要關(guān)鍵地段和重要關(guān)鍵地段的面積占全區(qū)總面積的50.59%,主要分布于研究區(qū)中部和北部地區(qū)是維護曹妃甸新區(qū)水土安全、生物多樣性保護的關(guān)鍵性生態(tài)用地。較重要關(guān)鍵地段面積占總面積14.27%,主要包括農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng),以及中度敏感區(qū)域過渡地帶,灘涂、沿河生態(tài)緩沖帶二級區(qū)域。一般地段面積占總面積35.14%,該區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)較為簡單,生物多樣性較低,是將來建設(shè)開發(fā)方向。通過建成區(qū)的分布情況也說明了該地區(qū)土地利用布局存在不合理之處。(4)根據(jù)生態(tài)重要性識別研究,并以此作為曹妃甸新區(qū)未來土地利用的生態(tài)安全保護約束條件;利用CA-Markov模型對曹妃甸新區(qū)2022年的土地利用格局進行了預(yù)測模擬。將模擬結(jié)果與2012年土地利用現(xiàn)狀相比,土地利用景觀的破碎化程度降低,各土地利用類型斑塊的聚集度增加、相互干擾度減小,區(qū)域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性提高。從而表明區(qū)域生態(tài)重要性識別的研究對土地利用空間布局優(yōu)化的重要作用,為協(xié)調(diào)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟和生態(tài)保護提供參考。
[Abstract]:The land is the human survival space, is the human society in the production of important natural resources and production resources, is the carrier of species and ecosystems on earth of all kinds of complex habitat. With the increase of population, city development, land use intensity increases gradually, which caused a series of ecological environment problems. The background of population resources and environment sustainable development, how to make the limited resources on the earth the most reasonable in time and space, the most effective combination or configuration, make all kinds of resources to be used effectively, fully considering the social, economic and ecological benefits, and has become a frontier research hotspot. This paper from the perspective of ecological protection, based on RS, GIS technology platform, the system analyzes the changes of land use and landscape pattern changes caused by the Caofeidian new area, and construct ecological importance recognition system, recognition of To maintain and control the safety of land ecosystem plays a key role in the construction area, land use spatial optimization model, provides a method for strong operational for the coordination of regional economic and ecological protection from space layout. Through the research, draw the following conclusions: (1) 1992-2012 years, Caofeidian Yantian, large area of construction land increase of arable land, woodland and wetland area fluctuated, arable land decreased first and then increased, and unused land are in the tidal flat decreased. The increase of land mainly from cultivated land and land reclamation in coastal construction accounted for. The cultivated land decreased first and then increased, mainly due to the construction of occupation and other than the conversion of unused land add the amount of arable land. These changes mainly due to the disturbance of human activities on the extent of land use change in Caofeidian is increasing. (2) the change of landscape pattern in the region caused by land use change. During the study period, the degree of landscape fragmentation increased in Caofeidian New District land use, increase the interference degree among different landscape types, so that the stability of the ecosystem is reduced. So it is necessary to protect the ecological constraints, optimize the spatial pattern of land use in Caofeidian. (3) important key areas and key areas of the area to the total area. 50.59%, mainly distributed in the central and northern regions of the study area is the maintenance of Caofeidian water security, key ecological and biodiversity conservation land. A key area of area accounts for 14.27% of the total area, including farmland ecosystem, and moderate sensitive area of the transition zone, tidal flat, two areas along the river ecological buffer zone. The general area area accounts for 35.14% of the total area, the ecological system in this area is relatively simple, low diversity, is the future development direction of construction. Through the distribution of built-up area Also shows that the unreasonable layout of land use in this area. (4) based on the ecological importance of recognition, and as Caofeidian future land use ecological security protection constraints; the land use pattern of Caofeidian in 2022 were predicted using CA-Markov simulation model. The simulation results compared with the 2012 land use status, degree land use landscape fragmentation decreased, the increase of land use degree of aggregation patches, mutual interference is decreased, improve the stability of regional ecological system. So that to study regional ecological identification plays an important role in optimizing the spatial layout of land use, and provide a reference for the coordination of regional economic and ecological protection.

【學位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F301.2

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