本文關(guān)鍵詞：面向QoS保障的UWSN拓撲控制算法及水質(zhì)在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的研究　出處：《浙江理工大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 水下無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡 移動模型 網(wǎng)絡模型 功率控制 拓撲控制 博弈模型 水質(zhì)監(jiān)測 水聲通信

【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)化、區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展和城鎮(zhèn)化步伐的加快,水污染問題日益凸顯,在無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSNs)的應用背景及技術(shù)成熟的基礎(chǔ)上,對水下無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(Underwater Wireless Sensor Network,UWSN)的研究已成為科學領(lǐng)域研究的熱點。UWSN蘊含著巨大的應用價值,其通過隨機部署在三維監(jiān)測域的水下傳感器節(jié)點完成信息的采集,并通過節(jié)點之間的相互協(xié)作傳輸數(shù)據(jù)。由于水聲通信能耗大、傳輸時延高、環(huán)境惡劣、水流移動性、帶寬窄等突出問題,針對UWSN相關(guān)算法理論研究是一項巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。本文針對UWSN的環(huán)境特點及問題,從UWSN網(wǎng)絡模型出發(fā),研究水聲通信的傳播特性,然后在網(wǎng)絡模型的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了適用于水下環(huán)境的功率控制算法,更進一步地,針對水下多個優(yōu)化目標,提出高效節(jié)能的水下網(wǎng)絡拓撲控制算法,最后搭建應用平臺原型,實現(xiàn)水質(zhì)監(jiān)測的基本功能。主要工作如下:1.針對水流移動性和水下聲波擴散特征等問題,提出面向復雜環(huán)境的水下無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡模型,主要包括MCM(Meandering Current Mobility)節(jié)點受限移動模型、端到端時延模型和能耗模型。其中,MCM節(jié)點受限移動模型運用海洋動力學、流體力學等理論基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合MCM水流模型和節(jié)點錨定方式,提出一種符合實際應用的節(jié)點移動模型。端到端時延模型綜合考慮移動性、聲速方程、多徑傳播及傳輸成功率等因素,計算多徑時延差,研究不同環(huán)境因子對端到端時延的影響。能耗模型結(jié)合噪聲函數(shù)和傳播損耗函數(shù),可適用于所有水聲通信網(wǎng)絡。該網(wǎng)絡模型綜合考慮水下諸多復雜環(huán)境因素,適用范圍廣,為UWSN相關(guān)理論研究提供一個良好的仿真環(huán)境。2.針對水下聲波通信存在的時延大、能耗高以及水流移動性等問題,提出一種基于非合作博弈論的水下移動無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡功率控制算法(Non-cooperative Game Theory for Power and Rate Control of UMWSN,UM-NGPR)。該算法采用之前提出的面向復雜環(huán)境的水下無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡模型,考慮節(jié)點的移動性,以功率控制和傳輸速率為優(yōu)化目標,并將優(yōu)化問題轉(zhuǎn)換為博弈問題,引入信干噪比和傳輸成功率,給出效用函數(shù),并分別證明功率和傳輸速率的納什均衡存在性和唯一性,最終,利用二元牛頓迭代法求得傳輸功率和傳輸速率的近似最優(yōu)解。3.針對現(xiàn)有水下聲波網(wǎng)絡拓撲控制存在的網(wǎng)絡能耗不均勻、時延大、傳輸成功率低等問題,提出一種基于多個QoS目標的水下無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡拓撲控制算法(Ordinal Potential Game Theory for Topology Control Algorithm of UWSN,OPG-UTCA)。該算法以覆蓋率、連通性、平均能耗、平均端到端時延和平均傳輸成功率為優(yōu)化目標,將多目標優(yōu)化問題映射成博弈問題,構(gòu)建勢博弈模型,證明其是序數(shù)勢函數(shù)及納什均衡的存在性,并采用二次博弈。首先所有節(jié)點參與一次博弈,網(wǎng)絡達到納什均衡狀態(tài)后,根據(jù)效用函數(shù)值選擇簇頭,簇頭為簇內(nèi)效用函數(shù)值最大的節(jié)點,且簇頭通信范圍內(nèi)無其它簇頭,從而使簇頭在網(wǎng)絡中分布均勻。由于所有簇頭是互不連通的,因此所有簇頭參與二次博弈過程,建立連通關(guān)系,犧牲少數(shù)簇頭節(jié)點的能耗以均衡整個網(wǎng)絡的能耗。4.以實際應用需求為出發(fā)點,設(shè)計一個基于水下無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡的水質(zhì)多參數(shù)在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。在給出總體方案的設(shè)計架構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上,主要詳細介紹水下傳感器節(jié)點和浮標節(jié)點的軟硬件設(shè)計,以及基于Android的水質(zhì)監(jiān)測手機終端的軟件設(shè)計。其中,水下傳感器節(jié)點負責采集水質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù),通過水聲換能器將數(shù)據(jù)傳至浮標節(jié)點,浮標節(jié)點再將接收的數(shù)據(jù)通過無線射頻模塊/GPRS模塊上傳至阿里云服務器并存入數(shù)據(jù)庫。通過水質(zhì)監(jiān)測手機終端訪問服務器數(shù)據(jù)庫,實現(xiàn)查詢實時數(shù)據(jù)及歷史數(shù)據(jù)。本文將上述的算法進行仿真驗證,實驗結(jié)果證明了本文提出的算法的有效性,與同類算法相比,在網(wǎng)絡能耗、端到端時延、傳輸成功率等方面具有一定的優(yōu)勢。另一方面,本文還對水質(zhì)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)進行物理實驗測試,結(jié)果顯示,水質(zhì)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)能夠在水下環(huán)境中穩(wěn)定工作,利用水聲換能器傳輸數(shù)據(jù),能滿足水質(zhì)多參數(shù)在線監(jiān)測實際使用要求,具有廣闊的應用前景。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of industrialization, urbanization and regional economy speeding up, the water pollution problems have become increasingly prominent, in wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Networks, WSNs) of the application background and the basis of mature technology, the underwater wireless sensor network (Underwater Wireless Sensor Network, UWSN) has become a research hotspot in the research field of.UWSN science contains great value, through the random deployment in the three-dimensional monitoring domain of underwater sensor nodes to complete the information collection, and through mutual cooperation between nodes. The data transmission in underwater communication as high energy consumption, high transmission delay, poor environment, water mobility, narrow bandwidth and other problems, according to the study of UWSN the algorithm theory is a huge challenge. According to the environment characteristics and problems of UWSN, starting from the UWSN network model, the propagation characteristics of underwater acoustic communication, then Based on the network model is proposed for power under water environment control algorithm, further, for underwater multi objective optimization algorithm for network topology control, efficient energy saving water, and finally build a prototype application platform, to achieve the basic functions of monitoring water quality. The main work is as follows: 1. according to the diffusion characteristics of sound water mobility and water problems, put forward the complicated environment of underwater wireless sensor network model, including MCM (Meandering Current Mobility) the node mobility model, end-to-end delay model and energy consumption model. Among them, the MCM node mobile model using limited ocean dynamics, based on the theories of fluid mechanics, combined with MCM flow model node and anchor, this essay puts forward a new node mobile model application. The end-to-end delay model considering mobility, velocity equation, multipath propagation and transmission Power and other factors, calculate the multipath delay difference, based on different environmental factors to influence on end end delay. Energy consumption model with noise function and propagation loss function, can be applied to all the network model of underwater acoustic communication network. Considering the underwater environment of many complex factors, wide scope of application, for the relevant theoretical research to provide a UWSN good simulation environment for.2. underwater acoustic communication delay are large, high energy consumption and water mobility and other issues, is proposed based on non cooperative game theory of underwater mobile power control algorithm for wireless sensor network (Non-cooperative Game Theory for Power and Rate Control of UMWSN, UM-NGPR). The algorithm uses the model proposed before the complex environment of underwater wireless sensor network, considering the node mobility, to control the power and transmission rate as the optimization goal, and the optimization problem is converted to Bo Yi, the SINR and transmission success rate, given the utility function, then we prove that the Nash equilibrium power and transmission rate of the existence and uniqueness of the optimal approximation, finally, using two yuan Newton iterative method to obtain the transmission power and transmission rate of.3. solution for existing network topology control of underwater acoustic network does not exist in energy consumption uniform, large delay, transmission success rate is low, a wireless sensor network topology control algorithm of multiple underwater target based on QoS (Ordinal Potential Game Theory for Topology Control Algorithm of UWSN, OPG-UTCA). In this algorithm, coverage, connectivity, average energy consumption and average end-to-end delay and average transmission success rate as the optimization objective, the multi-objective optimization problem is mapped into the game problems, constructing a potential game model, and it is shown that the existence of equilibrium function potentials and Nash number, and the two time game At first all nodes participating in a network game, Nash equilibrium state, according to the utility function value to select the cluster head, cluster head is the maximum utility function in the cluster nodes and cluster head communication range without other cluster head, so that the cluster heads are uniformly distributed in the network. Because all cluster heads are not mutually connected, so all cluster heads to participate in a two game process, establish connectivity, energy consumption of.4. energy consumption expense of a small number of cluster head nodes to balance the whole network to the actual application requirements as the starting point, the design of a water quality in underwater wireless sensor networks based on multi parameter online monitoring system. Based on the design of architecture scheme on the buoy sensor nodes and node hardware and software design mainly introduces the water, water quality monitoring and the software design of mobile phone terminal based on Android. The underwater sensor node is responsible for collecting water quality data And through the acoustic transducer data to buoy nodes, the buoy nodes receive data through the wireless RF module /GPRS module uploaded to Ali cloud server and stored in the database. Water quality monitoring by mobile phone terminal to access the server database query data, real-time data and history. This paper will verify the above algorithm, the experimental results proved effective of the proposed algorithm, compared with other algorithms, the network energy consumption, end-to-end delay, has certain advantages on transmission success rate. On the other hand, the water quality monitoring system for physical experiment test results show that the water quality monitoring system can work stably in the underwater environment, the use of transmission data of underwater acoustic transducer, can meet the requirements of actual use of multi parameter water quality on-line monitoring, and has broad application prospects.

【學位授予單位】：浙江理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN929.3;TP274

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