天堂国产午夜亚洲专区-少妇人妻综合久久蜜臀-国产成人户外露出视频在线-国产91传媒一区二区三区

Multidimensional Poverty in Agro-Climatic Zones of Punjab Pa

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2022-09-21 20:54
  本研究的基本目的是從一維和多維的角度來衡量2011-12年至2015-16年旁遮普省農(nóng)業(yè)氣候帶的貧困及其分解和相關(guān)性。在對(duì)一維貧困的初步測(cè)量中,采用fgt(1984)指數(shù)法,揭示了自2011-12年至2015-16年以來研究區(qū)一維貧困的下降趨勢(shì)。同樣,在計(jì)算多維貧困時(shí),采用了 alkire和foster(2007)指數(shù)法,該方法揭示了自2011-12至2013-14年以來,多維貧困發(fā)生了顯著下降,而自2013-14至2015-16年以來,貧困出現(xiàn)了邊際增長(zhǎng)。然而,該組的分解表明,在絕對(duì)和相對(duì)條件下,人口較多的地區(qū)是造成一維和多維貧困的主要因素。在第二項(xiàng)措施中,按維度分解多維貧困,我們注意到,在大多數(shù)農(nóng)業(yè)氣候區(qū)的衛(wèi)生和教育部門都存在更高的貧困,因此可以得出結(jié)論,通過改善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,可以減少多維貧困。h研究區(qū)域的這一部門。最后,由于因變量的虛擬性,通過logistic回歸模型討論了研究的相關(guān)性。所有解釋變量的計(jì)算結(jié)果都顯示出對(duì)貧困的顯著影響,并得出結(jié)論,社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、人口和微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)變量的改善有助于減少旁遮普省農(nóng)業(yè)氣候區(qū)的多層面貧困。此外,地區(qū)層面的結(jié)果顯示,在第一個(gè)區(qū)域,即小麥-水稻區(qū)域,值得注... 

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】:206 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士

【文章目錄】:
Acknowledgements
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATION
ABSTRACT
摘要
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 RESEARCH GAP OF THE STUDY
    1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
    2.1 COUNTRY PROFILE OF PAKISTAN
        2.1.1 Historical Background of Punjab,Pakistan
    2.2 A DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF UNI-DIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN PAKISTAN
        2.2.1 A DETAIL REVIEWS OF UNI-DIMENSIONAL PAKISTAN IN 1960S DECADES
        2.2.2 A DETAUK REVIEWS OF UNI-DIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN PAKISTAN IN 1970S DECADES
        2.2.3 A DETAIL REVIEWS OF UNI-DIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN PAKISTAN IN 1980S DECADES
        2.2.4 A DETAIL REVIEWS OF UNI-DIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN PAKISTAN IN 1990S DECADES
        2.2.5 A DETAIL REVIEWS OF UNI-DIMENSIPNAL POVERTY IN PAKISTANIN 2000S DECADES
        2.2.6 A DETAIL RECIEWS OF UNI-DIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN PAKISTAN IN 2010S DECADE
    2.3 AN ASSESSMENT OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY AT NATIONAL LEVEL
    2.4 AN ASSESSMENT OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
CHAPTER 3 DATA DESCRIPTION AND METHODOLOGY
    3.1 AREA IJNDER STUDY FOR CURRENT PROBLEM
    3.2 DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF DATA USED IN THE CURRENT STUDY
    3.3 DATA ARRANGEMENT METHOD
    3.4 DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS ACROSS AGRO CLMATIC ZONES OF PUNJAB
    3.5 THEORETICAL FRAME WORK:THEORY OF POVERTY IN UNI-DIMENSIONAL ANDMULTIDIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVE
    3.6 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY
    3.7 AN ASSESSMENT OF UNI-DIMFNSIONAL POVERTY
        3.7.1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF DIFFERENTKINDS OF POVERTY LINES
            3.7.1.1 TZIEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SUBJECTIVE POVERTYLINE
            3.7.1.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE RELATIVE POVERTY LINE
            3.7.1.3 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE
    3.8 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF UNI-DIMENSIONAL POVERTY INDEX
        3.8.1 HEADCOUNT INDEX
        3.8.2 POVERTY GAP INDEX
        3.8.3 SQUARED POVERTY GAP RATIO (SEVERITY OF POVERTY)
    3.9 AN ASSESSMENT OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY
        3.9.1 EDUCATION
        3.9.2 HEALTH
        3.9.3 HOUSING SERVICES
    3.10 WEIGHTING STRUCTURE AND SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE CUT-OFF
    3.11 AN INDEXING APPROACH FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF MULTIDIMENSIONALPOVERTY
        3.11.1 ADJUSTED HEADCOUNT INDEX
        3.11.2 ADJUSTED POVERTY GAP INDEX
        3.11.3 ADJUSTED SQUARED POVERTY GAP INDEX
    3.12 A THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE ECONOMETRICS TECHNIQUE:ALOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL
        3.12.1 THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE LOGISTIC REGRESSIONMODEL
        3.12.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE ODD RATIO
        3.12.3 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF MARGINAL EFFECT
        3.12.4 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE MAXIMUM LIKELIHOODRATIO FOR LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL
        3.12.5 AN INDIVIDUAL SIGNIFICANCE IN THE LOGISTIC REGRESSIONMODEL
        3.12.6 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE GOODNESS OF THE FIT OFTHE MODEL
            3.12.6.1 AN ASSESSMENT OF GOODNESS OF FIT: PEARSON CHI-SQUARE
            3.12.6.2 AN ASSESSMENT OF GOODNESS OF FIT THROUGH HOSMERLEMESHOW TEST
            3.12.6.3 LOG-LIKELIHOOD RATIO TEST: MOST APPROPRIATE MEASUREFOR GOODNESS OF FIT ASSESSMENT
        3.12.7 A THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE MEASURE OFPREDICTIVE ACCURACY OF THE LOGIT MODEL
            3.12.7.1 THE PREDICTION OF ACCURACY: A RECEIVING OPERATINGCURVE (ROC)
    3.13 DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF MULTI-COLLINFARITY
        3.13.1 DETECTING MULTI-COLLINEARITY THROUGH CORRELATIONCOEFFICIENT
        3.13.2 DETECTING MULTI-COLLINEARITY THROUGH VARIANCEINFLATION FACTOR
        3.13.3 DETECTING MULTI-COLLINEARITY THROUGH TOLERANCE TEST
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
    4.1 AVERAGE PER HEAD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE OF THE WHEAT RICE ZONEFOR THE YEAR 2011-12 TO 2015-16
    4.2 AVERAGE PER HEAD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE OF THE MIXED PUNJAB FORTHE YEAR 2011-12 TO 2015-16
    4.3 AVERAGE PER HEAD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE OF THE COTTON WHEATPUNJAB FOR THE YEAR 2011-12 TO 2015-16
    4.4 AVERAGE PER HEAD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE OF THE LOWER INTENSITYPUNJAB FOR THE YEAR 2011-12 TO 2015-16
    4.5 AVERAGE PER HEAD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE OF THE BARANI PUNJAB FORTHE YEAR 2011-12 TO 2015-16
    4.6 AN ASSESSMENT OF UNI-DIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN WHEAT RICE ZONE OFPUNJAB FROM THE YEAR 2011-12 TO 2015-16
    4.7 AN ASSESSMENT OF UNI-DIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN MIXED PUNJAB FROM THEYEAR 2011-12 TO 2015-16
    4.8 AN ASSESSMENT OF UNI-DIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN COTTON WHEAT PUNJABFROM THE YEAR 2011-12 TO 2015-16
    4.9 AN ASSESSMENT OF UNI-DIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN LOWER INTENSITY PUNJABFROM THE YEAR 2011-12 TO 2015-16
    4.10 AN ASSESSMENT OF UNI-DIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN BARANI ZONE OF PUNJABFROM THE YEAR 2011-12 TO 2015-16
    4.11 DECOMPOSITION OF POVERTY IN WHEAT RICE ZONE OF PUNJAB FROM 2011-12TO 2015-16
    4.12 DECOMPOSITION OF POVERTY IN MIXED PUNJAB FROM 2011-12 TO 2015-16
    4.13 DECOMPOSITION OF POVERTY IN COTTON WHEAT ZONE OF PUNJAB FROM 2011-12 TO 2015-16
    4.14 DECOMPOSITION OF POVERTY IN LOWER INTENSITY PUNJAB FROM 2011-12 TO2015-16
    4.15 DECOMPOSITION OF POVERTY IN BARANI PUNJAB FROM 2011-12 TO 2015-16
    4.16 AN ASSESSMENT OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN AGRO CLIMATIC ZONESOF PUNJAB FOR THE YEAR 2011-12
    4.17 Decomposition of Multidimensional Poverty by Population Groups inWheat Rice Zone of Punjab for the Year 2011-12
    4.18 Decomposition of Multidimensional Deprivation by Dimensions in agro-Climatic Zones of Punjab for the Year 2011-12
    4.19 DECOMPOSITION OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY BY DIMENSIONS IN AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES OF PUNJAB FOR TI-IE YEAR 2011-12
    4.20 AN ASSESSMENT OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN AGRO CLIMATIC ZONESOF PUNJAB FOR THE YEAR 2013-14
    4.21 Decomposition of Multidimensional Poverty by Population Groups inWheat Rice Zone of Punjab for the Year 2013-14
    4.22 DECOMPOSITION OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL DEPRIVATION BY DIMENSIONS INAGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES OF PUNJAB FOR THE YEAR 2013-14
    4.23 DECOMPOSITION OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY BY DIMENSIONS IN AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES OF PUNJAB FOR THE YEAR 2013-14
    4.24 AN ASSESSMENT OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN AGRO CLIMATIC ZONESOF PUNJAB FOR THE YEAR 2015-16
    4.25 DECOMPOSITION OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY BY POPULATION GROUPS INWHEAT RICE ZONE OF PUNJAB FOR THE YEAR 2015-16
    4.26 DECOMPOSITION OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL DEPRIVATION BY DIMENSIONS INAGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES OF PUNJAB FOR THE YEAR 2015-16
    4.27 DECOMPOSITION OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY BY DIMENSIONS IN AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES OF PUNJAB FOR THE YEAR 2015-16
    4.28 AN ASSESSMENTS OF CORRELATES OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN THEYFAR 2011-12
        4.28.1 LOGISTIC REGRESSION RESULTSIMMLE MEASUREMENT FOR THEYEAR 2011-12
        4.28.2 ODD RATIO MEASUREMENT
        4.28.3 MARGINAL EFFECT MEASUREMENT
        4.28.4 INDIVIDUAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE VARIABLES
        4.28.5 PREDICATING ACCURACYAND GOODNESS OF FIT OF THEMODEL
    4.29 AN ASSESSMENTS OF MULTICOLLINEARITY FOR YEAR 2013/14
        4.29.1 LOGISTIC REGRESSION RESULTSIMMLE MEASUREMENT FOR THEYEAR 2013-14
        4.29.2 ODD RATIO MEASUREMENT
        4.29.3 MARGINAL EFFECT MEASUREMENT
        4.29.4 INDIVIDUAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE VARIABLES
        4.29.5 PREDICATING ACCURACYAND GOODNESS OF FIT OF THEMODEL
    4.30 AN ASSESSMENTS OF MULTICOLLINEARITY FOR YEAR 2015/16
        4.30.1 LOGISTIC REGRESSION RESULTSIMMLE MEASUREMENT FOR THEYEAR 2015-16
        4.30.2 ODD RATIO MEASUREMENT
        4.30.3 MARGINAL EFFECT MEASUREMENT
        4.30.4 INDIVIDUAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE VARIABLES
        4.30.5 PREDICATING ACCURACYAND GOODNESS OF FIT OF THEMODEL
    4.31 DISCUSSION AND ECONOMIC REASONS
CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
    POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
學(xué)位論文評(píng)閱及答辯情況表



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