【摘要】：中國的城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系經(jīng)歷了改革開放前的城鄉(xiāng)隔離、改革開放后的城市主導(dǎo)，以及21世紀(jì)以來已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了“以城帶鄉(xiāng)”的城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展階段。但是城鄉(xiāng)差距依然很大，城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展地位仍然不平等，，城市和農(nóng)村之間的要素流動(dòng)仍然主要是從農(nóng)村到城市的單向流動(dòng)。十八屆三中全會(huì)提出“必須健全體制機(jī)制，形成以工促農(nóng)、以城帶鄉(xiāng)、工農(nóng)互惠、城鄉(xiāng)一體的新型工農(nóng)城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系”，借鑒國際經(jīng)驗(yàn)，走適合中國的城鄉(xiāng)一體化道路，是現(xiàn)階段我國重要的戰(zhàn)略選擇。 本文首先對城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系、城鄉(xiāng)互動(dòng)的基本理論與實(shí)證研究進(jìn)行梳理，在此基礎(chǔ)上分析城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系演進(jìn)的基本規(guī)律及其理論闡釋，重點(diǎn)對國際上具有代表性的經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｊ竭M(jìn)行總結(jié)，然后利用中國近年來的城鄉(xiāng)數(shù)據(jù)以及政府推出的城鄉(xiāng)政策，將中國城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系演進(jìn)的階段進(jìn)行分析，進(jìn)而提出促進(jìn)中國城鄉(xiāng)互動(dòng)的對策和建議。 本文的主要工作和觀點(diǎn)如下： （1）嘗試從動(dòng)態(tài)的視角分析城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系的演進(jìn)規(guī)律及其理論闡釋：城鄉(xiāng)之間的勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)、資本流動(dòng)、產(chǎn)品流動(dòng)、原材料流動(dòng)以及資源流動(dòng)，將城鄉(xiāng)緊密聯(lián)系在一起；因?yàn)槌鞘芯哂芯奂?jīng)濟(jì)特征，因而在發(fā)展次序上，如果選擇先城后鄉(xiāng)，則能發(fā)揮城市的極化作用和擴(kuò)散效應(yīng)；城鄉(xiāng)空間結(jié)構(gòu)依據(jù)人口、經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)密度可以采用網(wǎng)絡(luò)布局模式實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)互動(dòng)。根據(jù)要素流動(dòng)、城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展特征，可以將城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系演進(jìn)分為城鄉(xiāng)獨(dú)立發(fā)展、鄉(xiāng)村推動(dòng)發(fā)展、城市主導(dǎo)發(fā)展、城鄉(xiāng)二元發(fā)展、城市帶動(dòng)鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展以及城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展等六個(gè)階段。 （2）根據(jù)要素在城鄉(xiāng)之間的流動(dòng)、城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展次序、城鄉(xiāng)空間特征等方面，總結(jié)并提煉城鄉(xiāng)互動(dòng)的國際模式：要素自由流動(dòng)、先城后鄉(xiāng)的美國模式；要素自由流動(dòng)、城市偏向的拉美模式；要素非自由流動(dòng)、城市偏向的亞洲模式；要素自由流動(dòng)、城鄉(xiāng)空間融合的歐洲模式。分析各種模式下要素流動(dòng)、城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展、空間結(jié)構(gòu)、經(jīng)濟(jì)績效等方面的相互關(guān)系。 （3）借鑒國際經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｊ�，分析中國城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系演進(jìn)特征，提出適合中國國情的城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展對策建議：因地制宜，分地區(qū)采取不同的互動(dòng)模式，如東部發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)可以借鑒歐洲地區(qū)的區(qū)域網(wǎng)絡(luò)模式，而對于中部地區(qū)則要實(shí)現(xiàn)大中小城市均衡發(fā)展，對于西部欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)，可以采取“先城后鄉(xiāng)”的發(fā)展模式；加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村地區(qū)的交通通信等設(shè)施建設(shè)、促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)要素在城鄉(xiāng)之間的流動(dòng)；加快城鄉(xiāng)產(chǎn)業(yè)互動(dòng)，加大農(nóng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)的科研投入，引導(dǎo)城市產(chǎn)業(yè)向農(nóng)村地區(qū)合理流動(dòng)；完善城鄉(xiāng)之間的資金流動(dòng)機(jī)制，建立健全城鄉(xiāng)之間的人才流動(dòng)機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:The relationship between urban and rural areas in China has experienced the isolation of urban and rural areas before the reform and opening up, the urban dominance after the reform and opening up, and has entered the stage of urban and rural overall development since the 21st century. However, the gap between urban and rural areas is still very large, the status of urban and rural development is still unequal, and the flow of elements between urban and rural areas is still mainly a one-way flow from rural to urban. The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward that "it is necessary to improve the system and mechanism to form a new type of urban-rural relationship between workers and peasants who promote agriculture by industry, to bring rural areas to rural areas, to benefit workers and peasants, and to integrate urban and rural areas," and to draw lessons from international experience and take the road of urban-rural integration suitable for China. It is an important strategic choice in our country at the present stage. First of all, this paper combs the basic theory and empirical research of urban-rural relationship and urban-rural interaction, on this basis, analyzes the basic laws and theoretical interpretation of the evolution of urban-rural relationship, focusing on the international representative empirical model. Then, based on the urban and rural data of China in recent years and the urban and rural policies put forward by the government, this paper analyzes the evolution stage of the relationship between urban and rural areas in China, and then puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the interaction between urban and rural areas in China. The main work and viewpoints of this paper are as follows: (1) try to analyze the evolution law and theoretical explanation of urban-rural relationship from a dynamic perspective: the flow of labor force, capital flow, product flow between urban and rural areas, The flow of raw materials and resources is closely linked between urban and rural areas; Because the city has the characteristics of agglomeration economy, in the order of development, if we choose the first city and then the township, we can give full play to the polarization and diffusion effect of the city. According to the population and the density of economic activity, the urban and rural spatial structure can realize the interaction between urban and rural areas by network layout mode. According to the characteristics of factor flow and urban-rural development, the evolution of urban-rural relationship can be divided into six stages: urban-rural independent development, rural-driven development, urban-rural-led development, urban-rural dual development, urban-rural development and urban-rural integration development. (2) according to the flow of elements between urban and rural areas, the order of urban and rural development, the spatial characteristics of urban and rural areas, this paper summarizes and refines the international model of urban-rural interaction: the free flow of elements, the American model of first city and then hometown; The Latin American model of free flow of elements, the Latin American model of urban preference, the Asian model of non-free flow of elements, the Asian model of urban bias, the European model of free flow of elements and spatial integration of urban and rural areas. This paper analyzes the relationship among factor flow, urban and rural development, spatial structure, economic performance and so on. (3) drawing lessons from the international experience model, this paper analyzes the evolution characteristics of urban-rural relations in China, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for urban and rural development suitable for China's national conditions: according to local conditions, different interaction modes should be adopted in different regions. For example, the eastern developed areas can draw lessons from the regional network model of European region, while for the central region, we should realize the balanced development of large, medium and small cities, and for the underdeveloped areas of the west, we can adopt the development mode of "first city and then township". We should strengthen the construction of transportation and communication facilities in rural areas, promote the flow of factors of production between urban and rural areas, speed up the interaction between urban and rural industries, increase the investment in scientific research of rural industries, and guide the rational flow of urban industries to rural areas. Improve the capital flow mechanism between urban and rural areas, establish and improve the talent flow mechanism between urban and rural areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F320;F299.2

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