【摘要】：提高貧困人口的謀生能力,幫助扶貧對(duì)象建立可持續(xù)生計(jì),是我國(guó)貧困治理的最終目的和意義。生計(jì)資本是構(gòu)建可持續(xù)生計(jì)的關(guān)鍵要素,生計(jì)策略是構(gòu)建可持續(xù)生計(jì)的重要載體,因此,可持續(xù)生計(jì)視角下中國(guó)農(nóng)村貧困治理的核心問題是生計(jì)資產(chǎn)的增加和生計(jì)策略的優(yōu)化。本文在查閱社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、地理、環(huán)境等多學(xué)科的研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,采取"剖析減貧機(jī)理-提出減貧路徑"的研究思路和文獻(xiàn)綜述研究方法,從生計(jì)資本(人力資本、金融資本、社會(huì)資本、物質(zhì)資本、自然資本)和生計(jì)策略等兩大方面對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)村貧困治理的研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)梳理和歸納總結(jié)。在對(duì)文獻(xiàn)研究結(jié)果總結(jié)提煉的基礎(chǔ)上,提出基于農(nóng)戶可持續(xù)生計(jì)的中國(guó)貧困治理框架,其中心思想為:貧困農(nóng)戶處于自然環(huán)境、社會(huì)文化、地理區(qū)位等因素組成的脆弱性生計(jì)環(huán)境中謀生,生計(jì)環(huán)境對(duì)貧困農(nóng)戶生計(jì)資產(chǎn)有著直接的影響;通過分析農(nóng)戶生計(jì)環(huán)境和生計(jì)資本,可以識(shí)別出貧困原因,探明生計(jì)發(fā)展的約束或短板因素,找出農(nóng)戶生計(jì)構(gòu)建的突破口;然后通過相關(guān)政策實(shí)施的扶持,幫助貧困農(nóng)戶建立能適應(yīng)各種外部環(huán)境的可持續(xù)生計(jì)策略,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)自我發(fā)展能力的提升、可持續(xù)的生計(jì)產(chǎn)出和穩(wěn)定脫貧。最后,本文提出了中國(guó)農(nóng)村貧困治理未來研究的主要方向:跨學(xué)科的綜合研究、時(shí)空差異及動(dòng)態(tài)研究、基礎(chǔ)和應(yīng)用相結(jié)合的研究、精準(zhǔn)扶貧背景下中國(guó)貧困治理的動(dòng)力機(jī)制研究等。
[Abstract]:It is the ultimate goal and significance of poverty management in our country to improve the living ability of poor people and help the target of poverty alleviation to establish sustainable livelihood. Livelihood capital is the key factor to construct sustainable livelihood, and livelihood strategy is an important carrier of building sustainable livelihood. Therefore, the core issues of rural poverty governance in China from the perspective of sustainable livelihood are the increase of livelihood assets and the optimization of livelihood strategies. On the basis of consulting the social, economic, geographical, environmental and other multidisciplinary research results, this paper adopts the research ideas of "analyzing the mechanism of poverty reduction-proposing the path of poverty reduction" and literature review research methods, from the livelihood capital (human capital, etc.). Financial capital, social capital, material capital, natural capital and livelihood strategy are two aspects of the research progress of rural poverty management in China. On the basis of summarizing and refining the results of literature research, this paper puts forward a framework of poverty governance in China based on the sustainable livelihood of farmers, in which the idea is: poor farmers are in a natural environment, social culture, and so on. Geographical location and other factors constitute a vulnerable livelihood environment, livelihood environment has a direct impact on the livelihood assets of poor farmers; Through the analysis of farmers' livelihood environment and capital, we can identify the causes of poverty, find out the constraints or deficiencies of livelihood development, and find out the breakthrough in the construction of farmers' livelihood. Then through the support of the implementation of the relevant policies, help the poor farmers to establish sustainable livelihood strategies that can adapt to various external environments, finally achieve self-development capacity improvement, sustainable livelihood output and stability out of poverty. Finally, this paper puts forward the main directions of future research on rural poverty governance in China: interdisciplinary comprehensive research, spatio-temporal differences and dynamic research, and the combination of basic and applied research. Research on the motive mechanism of poverty management in China under the background of precision poverty alleviation.
【作者單位】： 北京市社會(huì)科學(xué)院市情調(diào)研中心;上海財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)財(cái)經(jīng)研究所/城市與區(qū)域科學(xué)學(xué)院;中國(guó)科學(xué)院水利部成都山地災(zāi)害與環(huán)境研究所;西昌學(xué)院資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“山區(qū)農(nóng)戶生計(jì)與貧困、生態(tài)環(huán)境問題研究”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):41461040) 教育部人文社科基金項(xiàng)目“基于生計(jì)策略選擇的貧困山區(qū)農(nóng)戶可持續(xù)生計(jì)研究”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):13YJCZH050)
【分類號(hào)】：F323.8

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