【摘要】：隨著西方市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下社會(huì)矛盾的不斷激化,農(nóng)民合作社制度應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。到20世紀(jì)30年代,我國(guó)農(nóng)民合作社開(kāi)始萌芽。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì),我國(guó)農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社快速發(fā)展,成為促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展、推進(jìn)新農(nóng)村建設(shè)、增加農(nóng)民收入的重要組織載體。這一時(shí)期,市場(chǎng)化改革不斷深入,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)格局逐步向買(mǎi)方市場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)變,而被推到市場(chǎng)前沿的單個(gè)農(nóng)戶即便在農(nóng)民合作社模式中仍然缺乏獨(dú)立應(yīng)對(duì)各種激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的能力,我國(guó)農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社規(guī)范化發(fā)展整體上還存在許多問(wèn)題,尤其是規(guī)范化發(fā)展評(píng)價(jià)的滯后更使這一困局一時(shí)得不到根本解決。顯然,為什么要支持合作社規(guī)范化發(fā)展,如何支持農(nóng)民合作社規(guī)范化發(fā)展,政府通過(guò)何種途徑與方式有效支持這一組織體獲得規(guī)范化發(fā)展,這是一個(gè)值得深入討論的問(wèn)題,也是規(guī)范化評(píng)價(jià)的一個(gè)邏輯基點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。首先,農(nóng)業(yè)是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ),農(nóng)民合作社規(guī)范化發(fā)展的第一要義在于促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展、提高農(nóng)民實(shí)際收入水平。但即便是當(dāng)今社會(huì),農(nóng)業(yè)及從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)的農(nóng)戶仍然面臨著比其他產(chǎn)業(yè)及其從業(yè)人員更高的市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和自然風(fēng)險(xiǎn),具有弱質(zhì)性特點(diǎn)。特別是我國(guó)人地矛盾突出,農(nóng)民收入很難通過(guò)市場(chǎng)得到保證,加上農(nóng)民文化素質(zhì)相對(duì)偏低,農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率不高,農(nóng)民勞動(dòng)收入也很難在短期內(nèi)提高,可見(jiàn),在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下,作為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式和農(nóng)民組織化程度的一種重要呈現(xiàn)形式,農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社的規(guī)范化發(fā)展是農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村和農(nóng)民發(fā)展的必然要求。其次,我國(guó)農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社的發(fā)展不僅是一個(gè)不斷試驗(yàn)與改革演進(jìn)的自然過(guò)程,也是經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)制度環(huán)境不斷引導(dǎo)、提升和幫助的過(guò)程。調(diào)查研究顯示,現(xiàn)今我國(guó)農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社規(guī)范化程度還不高,影響力不夠。對(duì)此,一是必須有一個(gè)開(kāi)放的心態(tài),從中國(guó)合作社發(fā)展的總體出發(fā),根據(jù)農(nóng)民合作社的特殊性和階段性,開(kāi)展有建設(shè)性的社會(huì)批評(píng)意見(jiàn)和外部監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu);二是防止農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社的“異化”現(xiàn)象對(duì)于農(nóng)民權(quán)利和利益的損害,防止不良尋租或不當(dāng)?shù)闹С值刃袨榈某霈F(xiàn);三是支持農(nóng)民大規(guī)模的合作,為農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社規(guī)范化發(fā)展提供專業(yè)化、現(xiàn)代化管理,實(shí)質(zhì)提升農(nóng)民合作社的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力�？傮w上看,我國(guó)農(nóng)民合作社是市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下弱勢(shì)群體農(nóng)民的聯(lián)合組織。由于農(nóng)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不會(huì)自然消除,小農(nóng)戶和大市場(chǎng)之間的矛盾不會(huì)立即得到解決,即使農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社可能在一定程度上替代和引進(jìn)較為重要的生產(chǎn)要素,但如果缺失規(guī)范化發(fā)展,特別是沒(méi)能從農(nóng)村社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)等方面催生重大變革,農(nóng)民合作社也終究難有大的作為。借鑒國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn),鞏固和提升農(nóng)民合作社的發(fā)展質(zhì)量水平,需要在政府的大力支持下,通過(guò)建立規(guī)范化發(fā)展要求。
[Abstract]:With the continuous intensification of social contradictions under the conditions of western market economy, the system of farmers' cooperative emerged as the times require. To the 20 th century 30 s, our country farmer cooperative begins to sprout. In the 21st century, professional cooperatives of farmers in China have developed rapidly and become an important organizational carrier to promote the development of agricultural industrialization, promote the construction of new rural areas and increase farmers' income. During this period, the market-oriented reform continued to deepen, the market pattern of agricultural products gradually changed to the buyer's market, and the individual farmers who were pushed to the forefront of the market still lacked the ability to deal with all kinds of fierce competition independently even in the mode of farmers' cooperative. There are still many problems in the standardization development of farmers' specialized cooperatives in our country, especially the lag in the evaluation of standardized development, which makes this dilemma can not be solved at a time. Obviously, why should we support the standardized development of cooperatives, how to support the standardized development of farmers' cooperatives, and what ways and means the government can effectively support the standardized development of this organization? this is a question worthy of in-depth discussion. It is also a logical basis point of standardized evaluation. First of all, agriculture is the foundation of national economy, and the first important point of the standardized development of peasant cooperatives lies in promoting the development of agriculture and rural modernization and raising the farmers' real income level. But even in today's society, agriculture and farmers engaged in agricultural production and management still face higher market risks and natural risks than other industries and their employees. In particular, the contradiction between people and land in our country is prominent, the peasants' income can hardly be guaranteed through the market, and the peasants' cultural quality is relatively low, the agricultural labor productivity is not high, and the peasants' labor income is also very difficult to raise in a short period of time. Under the condition of market economy, as an important form of agricultural production and management and farmers' organization, the standardized development of farmers' specialized cooperatives is the inevitable requirement of the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Secondly, the development of farmers' specialized cooperatives in China is not only a natural process of continuous experiment and reform and evolution, but also a process of continuous guidance, promotion and help of the economic and social system environment. The investigation and research show that the standardization degree of farmers' professional cooperatives is not high and the influence is not enough. First, we must have an open mind, starting from the overall development of Chinese cooperatives, according to the particularity and stages of farmers' cooperatives, we should carry out constructive social criticism and external supervision institutions; The second is to prevent the phenomenon of "alienation" of farmers' professional cooperatives from harming farmers' rights and interests, and to prevent the appearance of improper rent-seeking or improper support. The third is to support the large-scale cooperation of farmers, to provide specialization and modern management for the standardized development of farmers' specialized cooperatives, and to enhance the market competitiveness of farmers' cooperatives in essence. Generally speaking, farmers' cooperatives in our country are the joint organization of farmers in the weak groups under the market economy. Since agricultural risks will not be eliminated naturally, the contradiction between smallholder farmers and large markets will not be resolved immediately, even if specialized farmers cooperatives may replace and introduce more important factors of production to a certain extent, but without standardized development, In particular, the rural social structure and other aspects of the failure to promote major changes, farmers cooperatives will not be able to do much after all. To use international experience for reference to consolidate and improve the development quality of farmers' cooperatives, it is necessary to establish standardized development requirements with the support of the government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F321.42

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