本文選題：印度洋 + 金槍魚資源��； 參考：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：印度洋是世界主要金槍魚漁場之一,其金槍魚和類金槍魚資源比較豐富。印度洋金槍魚漁業(yè)主要捕撈對象是黃鰭金槍魚、大眼金槍魚、長鰭金槍魚、鰹魚、藍鰭金槍魚。近年來,由于過度捕撈導(dǎo)致近海漁業(yè)資源嚴(yán)重衰竭。但是人類對海洋生物蛋白質(zhì)的需卻在不斷上升。因此,各遠洋漁業(yè)大國將近海捕撈力量轉(zhuǎn)移到了公海漁場。隨著對公海漁業(yè)資源及跨界洄游漁業(yè)資源捕撈強度的不斷加大,印度洋金槍魚資源面臨著過度捕撈的危險,其中黃鰭金槍魚已經(jīng)處于過度捕撈狀態(tài)。本文先是論述當(dāng)前印度洋金槍魚漁業(yè)相關(guān)背景,然后概述印度洋金槍魚漁業(yè)現(xiàn)狀,包括大眼金槍魚、長鰭金槍魚、黃鰭金槍魚和鰹魚。從生物學(xué)特性、漁獲量、主要捕撈國家及其漁獲量變化、作業(yè)方式及資源開發(fā)現(xiàn)狀等方面進行論述。在印度洋金槍魚資源開發(fā)現(xiàn)狀分析中,主要是依據(jù)印度洋金槍魚委員會(Indian Ocean Tuna Commission,IOTC)年度評估報告中的金槍魚資源評估數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),對主要金槍魚資源狀況分析,論述現(xiàn)有印度洋金槍魚資源狀況。隨后本文對印度洋金槍魚管理現(xiàn)狀進行分析論述,介紹了印度洋金槍魚委員會的主要管理職能及對金槍魚資源主要的管理和養(yǎng)護措施。根據(jù)前期對相關(guān)文獻的研讀、金槍魚資源的分析以及對IOTC管理機制的研究,總結(jié)出了IOTC管理中面臨的主要問題:漁業(yè)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量有待提高;IUU捕撈未能有效杜絕;養(yǎng)護與管理措施未能有效執(zhí)行;漁船總噸位控制措施存在管理漏洞。在此基礎(chǔ)上通過研究其他區(qū)域性漁業(yè)組織對金槍魚的管理和養(yǎng)護措施,對今后印度洋管理趨勢做出了預(yù)測:漁業(yè)管理措施更加嚴(yán)格;漁業(yè)管理合作日趨加;船旗國將承擔(dān)更大的責(zé)任;實行配額制和漁船總噸位的結(jié)合;建立船旗國聯(lián)合執(zhí)法力量;禁止?jié)O船丟棄難降解垃圾等。最后,本文對我國印度洋金槍魚漁業(yè)的發(fā)展概況進行了概述,印度洋金槍魚漁業(yè)是我國發(fā)展遠洋漁業(yè)的重要組成部分。我國漁船在印度洋主要捕撈大眼金槍魚,作業(yè)方式為延繩釣,分為超低溫延繩釣和冰鮮延繩釣兩種。根據(jù)IOTC的相關(guān)規(guī)定,我國在印度洋捕撈熱帶金槍魚的漁船總噸位上限是29275噸,相應(yīng)的漁船數(shù)量上限為67艘;捕撈長鰭金槍魚的漁船總噸位上限是3389噸,相應(yīng)的漁船數(shù)量上限為10艘,把我國在印度洋的捕撈能力應(yīng)控制2006年的水平。隨后分析了我國發(fā)展印度洋金槍魚存在的問題、“十三五”發(fā)展遠洋漁業(yè)的優(yōu)勢,并針對解決制約我國遠洋漁業(yè)發(fā)展的因素提出建議:提高我國漁船在印度洋的履約水平;加強我國在IOTC的話語權(quán);提高科研力量的投入,加快人才培養(yǎng)速度;參與更多的金槍魚相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)環(huán)節(jié);加強與印度洋沿海國的合作等。
[Abstract]:The Indian Ocean is one of the main tuna fisheries in the world. The main fishing targets of Indian Ocean tuna fishery are yellowfin tuna, bigeye tuna, albacore tuna, skipjack, bluefin tuna. In recent years, overfishing has caused serious depletion of offshore fishery resources. But the need for marine protein is rising. As a result, offshore fishing power has been transferred to high seas fishing grounds. With the increasing fishing intensity of the high seas fishery resources and the straddling migratory fishery resources, the Indian Ocean tuna resources are facing the risk of overfishing, among which yellowfin tuna has been overfished. This paper first discusses the relevant background of the current Indian Ocean tuna fishery, and then summarizes the current situation of the Indian Ocean tuna fishery, including bigeye tuna, albacore tuna, yellowfin tuna and skipjack tuna. In this paper, the biological characteristics, catch, main fishing countries and their catch changes, operation methods and current situation of resource exploitation are discussed. In the analysis of the current situation of tuna resources exploitation in the Indian Ocean, the analysis of the status of major tuna resources is based mainly on the assessment data of the tuna resources in the annual assessment report of the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission, Indian Ocean Tuna Commission. The current situation of tuna resources in the Indian Ocean is discussed. Then this paper analyzes the current situation of tuna management in the Indian Ocean and introduces the main management functions of the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission and the main management and conservation measures for tuna resources. Based on the previous study of relevant documents, the analysis of tuna resources and the study of IOTC management mechanism, the main problems in IOTC management are summarized: the quality of fishery statistics should be improved and IUU fishing can not be effectively eliminated; The maintenance and management measures are not implemented effectively, and the control measures for the gross tonnage of fishing vessels have some management loopholes. On this basis, by studying the management and conservation measures of tuna in other regional fisheries organizations, the future trends in Indian Ocean management are forecasted: more stringent fisheries management measures; increasing cooperation in fisheries management; Flag States will assume greater responsibility; implement a quota system combined with the gross tonnage of fishing vessels; establish a joint flag state law enforcement force; and prohibit fishing vessels from throwing away refractory waste. Finally, the development of the tuna fishery in the Indian Ocean in China is summarized. The tuna fishery in the Indian Ocean is an important part of the development of ocean-going fisheries in China. Chinese fishing boats mainly catch bigeye tuna in the Indian Ocean, which is divided into two types: ultra-low temperature longline and chilled longline. According to the relevant provisions of the IOTC, the upper limit of the total tonnage of China's fishing vessels fishing tropical tuna in the Indian Ocean is 29275 tons, and the corresponding maximum number of fishing vessels is 67. The upper limit of the total tonnage of fishing vessels fishing for albacore tuna is 3389 tons. The corresponding fishing capacity in the Indian Ocean should be controlled at the 2006 level. Then the paper analyzes the problems existing in the development of Indian Ocean Tuna in China, the advantages of developing ocean-going fishery in the 13th Five-Year Plan, and puts forward some suggestions for solving the factors restricting the development of China's ocean-going fishery: improving the performance level of Chinese fishing vessels in the Indian Ocean; Strengthen the right of our country to speak in IOTC; improve the investment of scientific research force, accelerate the speed of personnel training; participate in more tuna related industries; strengthen the cooperation with the Indian Ocean coastal States, etc.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S937.3;F316.4

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