本文選題：土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品 + 顯示性比較優(yōu)勢��； 參考：《東北財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國加入WTO,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場進一步開放。農(nóng)產(chǎn)品競爭也從國內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)向國際,我國農(nóng)業(yè)面臨國際市場的沖擊。土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品包括水稻、玉米、小麥為主的谷物類、以大豆、油籽為主的油料作物類、以棉花為主的纖維類和糖料類產(chǎn)品等,它們是人類賴以生存的最基本物質(zhì)條件,屬于關(guān)系國計民生的戰(zhàn)略性資源,其生產(chǎn)和供應(yīng)不僅涉及糧食安全,還涉及“三農(nóng)”問題,對于人口大國尤其是這樣。 自2001年以來,中國土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的出口額以及國際市場占有率呈下降趨勢。中國大豆從2010年開始出口額以及國際市場占有率明顯下降,谷物類農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和棉花分別從2008和2004年開始。相比而言,美國土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的出口則一直在國際市場上占有很高的份額,個別土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的出口更是占了國際出口市場的半壁江山。從這一背景出發(fā),對比分析中美土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品顯示性比較優(yōu)勢、正確評估中美土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的真實比較優(yōu)勢,對我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整具有重要意義。 本文采用理論和實證分析相結(jié)合的方法對中美的土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品比較優(yōu)勢進行了對比分析。首先根據(jù)聯(lián)合國數(shù)據(jù)庫的貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)計算中美主要土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的RCA指數(shù)并作了分析。又從土地生產(chǎn)率指標、成本價格指標分析了中美土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的真實差異。隨后入手分析了中美主要土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的真實比較優(yōu)勢的影響因素,最后針對各個影響因素提出建議。本文主要內(nèi)容分為六個章節(jié)：第一章是緒論。主要簡單交代了本文研究的國內(nèi)外背景、國內(nèi)外研究綜述、本文的研究方法、創(chuàng)新點及不足之處。第二章為理論分析。分為理論基礎(chǔ)和土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品比較優(yōu)勢考核指標及影響因素。其中理論基礎(chǔ)部分包括絕對優(yōu)勢理論、比較優(yōu)勢理論、要素稟賦理論。第三章為中美土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品顯示性比較優(yōu)勢對比分析。主要通過聯(lián)合國商品貿(mào)易統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)庫2001-2013年中美主要土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)分析了2001-2013年間中美主要土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的顯示性比較優(yōu)勢及其變化趨勢。第四章為中美土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品真實比較優(yōu)勢對比分析。本部分從土地生產(chǎn)率指標和成本價格指標來分析中美土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的真實比較優(yōu)勢。第五章為中美土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品真實比較優(yōu)勢差異原因分析。分析了中美在生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營規(guī)模、產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營組織模式、農(nóng)業(yè)機械化程度、化肥使用量、灌溉水平、以及農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和農(nóng)業(yè)支持政策方面的差異。第六章為提高我國土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品比較優(yōu)勢的建議。分別針對第五章的各個部分提出建議。 本文的基本觀點為：美國稻谷、玉米和大豆的生產(chǎn)比較優(yōu)勢明顯高于中國,而中國小麥和棉花的生產(chǎn)比較優(yōu)勢高于美國。在變化趨勢上,中美兩國這類農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)比較優(yōu)勢差距在逐步趨小。通過對真實比較優(yōu)勢的影響因素分析,建議提高我國土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的比較優(yōu)勢主要從以下幾個方面：鼓勵土地流轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)展適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營；改善產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營組織模式；提高農(nóng)業(yè)機械化水平、減少化肥使用量、提高灌溉效率；完善農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,建設(shè)高標準農(nóng)田；調(diào)整支持結(jié)構(gòu),健全農(nóng)業(yè)保險。
[Abstract]:With China's entry into the WTO, the market for agricultural products is further open. The competition of agricultural products has also shifted from domestic to international. China's agriculture is facing the impact of the international market. The land intensive agricultural products include rice, corn, wheat based Cereals, soybean and oilseed oil crops, cotton based fiber and sugar products, etc. It is the most basic material condition for the survival of human beings. It belongs to the strategic resources related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. Its production and supply not only involves food security, but also involves the "three rural" problems, especially for the large population.
Since 2001, the export of China's land intensive agricultural products and the share of the international market have declined. The export of Chinese soybean from 2010 and the share of the international market have declined significantly. The grain type agricultural products and cotton began to begin in 2008 and 2004 respectively. With a high share in the international market, the export of individual land intensive agricultural products is more than half of the international export market. From this background, the comparative advantages of land intensive agricultural products in China and the United States are compared and analyzed, and the real comparative advantage of land intensive agricultural products between China and the United States is correctly evaluated and the structure of agricultural products in China is constructed. It is of great significance to adjust the structure.
This paper compares the comparative advantages of land intensive agricultural products between China and the United States by combining theoretical and empirical analysis. First, the RCA index of the major land intensive agricultural products in China and the United States is calculated and analyzed according to the trade data of the United Nations Database. The analysis of the China and the United States from the index of land production rate and the cost and price index The real difference between the land intensive agricultural products and the influencing factors of the real comparative advantage of the main land intensive agricultural products in China and the United States are analyzed. Finally, the suggestions are made for the various factors. The main contents of this paper are divided into six chapters: the first chapter is the introduction. The second chapter is theoretical analysis, which is divided into theoretical basis and land intensive agricultural products comparative advantage assessment index and influencing factors. The theoretical basis part includes absolute advantage theory, comparative advantage theory and factor endowment theory. The third chapter is the display of land intensive agricultural products between China and the United States. The comparative advantage and trend of the major land intensive agricultural products of the United States and the United States in the past 2001-2013 years are analyzed mainly through the trade data of the major land intensive agricultural products of the United States and the United States in the past 2001-2013 years. The fourth chapter is the real comparison of the land intensive agricultural products between China and the United States. This part analyses the real comparative advantage of land intensive agricultural products from the land productivity index and cost price index. The fifth chapter is the analysis of the reasons for the difference of the real comparative advantage of the land intensive agricultural products between China and the United States. The scale of production and operation, the mode of production and operation organization, the degree of agricultural mechanization are analyzed. The difference between fertilizer use, irrigation level, and agricultural infrastructure and agricultural support policy. The sixth chapter is the suggestion to improve the comparative advantage of the land intensive agricultural products in China. The suggestions are made for each part of the fifth chapter respectively.
The basic point of this paper is that the comparative advantage of the production of rice, corn and soybean in the United States is obviously higher than that of China, while the comparative advantage of Chinese wheat and cotton is higher than that of the United States. In the trend of change, the gap of comparative advantage of the production of agricultural products in China and the United States is gradually decreasing. In order to improve the comparative advantages of land intensive agricultural products in China, the following aspects are as follows: encouraging the development of the appropriate scale management of land circulation, improving the model of industrial management organization, improving the level of agricultural mechanization, reducing the use of chemical fertilizer, improving the efficiency of irrigation, improving the agricultural infrastructure, building high standard farmland, and adjusting the support knot. Construct, improve agricultural insurance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F323.5;F371.2

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