本文選題：水田化 + 耕地景觀　； 參考：《東北農業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,中國城市化與工業(yè)化的快速推進,建設用地占用耕地問題的日益突出,人口高峰的日益迫近,人民生活水平的不斷提高使得保持一定數量的耕地資源所面臨的壓力不減。同時,人口持續(xù)增長,經濟穩(wěn)步發(fā)展對耕地的需求進一步加大,人地矛盾日益尖銳,如何基于有限的耕地資源保證國民糧食所需成為一個難題。而發(fā)展水田生產對提高糧食產量,增加國民糧食供給具有戰(zhàn)略性意義。東北地區(qū)(東北三省)耕地墾殖具有明顯的方向性,其由南向北、由西向東不斷推進,水田化墾殖范圍逐漸擴大,耕地總面積幾乎呈指數增長。其中,黑龍江省作為農業(yè)大省,其耕地墾殖由松嫩平原向三江平原不斷推進,水田化墾殖范圍繼續(xù)擴大,耕地總面積持續(xù)增加�；跂|北地區(qū)水田種植在全國的典型性,其快速“水田化”現象表征著全國耕地墾殖“水田化”歷程呈加速態(tài)勢。三江平原北部位于中國東北地區(qū),黑龍江省境內北部。近年來,非耕地轉變?yōu)楦噩F象普遍,使得該區(qū)域耕地面積擴大,成為國家重要糧食種植區(qū)域。特別是進入21世紀以來十多年間,中央陸續(xù)出臺一系列強農惠農政策,黑龍江省采取一系列促進該區(qū)域農業(yè)發(fā)展的具體措施,使得該區(qū)耕地墾殖率進一步提升,種植業(yè)結構不斷調整,水田面積迅猛擴大,糧食綜合生產能力及商品化程度顯著提升,與此同時,區(qū)域耕地資源時空分布格局變化明顯。從而,三江平原“自然景觀耕地化,耕地景觀水田化”的耕地景觀轉化格局在全國“水田化”進程中具有典型性與代表性。本文以國家級商品糧基地——三江平原北部為研究區(qū),將自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)農田化,農田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)水田化的典型土地轉化特征與景觀格局相融合。在此基礎上,構建出水田擴張中耕地景觀演化研究,這具有重要的理論和現實意義。與此同時,本研究在回顧耕地墾殖歷程的基礎上,分析“水田化”進程中不同時期耕地景觀格局變化規(guī)律及空間分布差異,探明未來景觀空間分布格局態(tài)勢,為三江平原乃至黑龍江省水田開發(fā)過程中提高耕地資源配置、開展高標準基本農田建設提供依據。與此同時,本文以“三江平原北部自然景觀耕地化、耕地景觀水田化的水田化歷程”為線索,以“耕地景觀格局”為切入點,在充分借鑒國“內”、“外”相關研究成果的基礎上,采用“景觀生態(tài)學理論”、“耕地資源優(yōu)化配置理論”、“區(qū)位理論”、“人地關系理論”,依據三江平原北部耕地利用矢量數據,運用標準法,選取典型景觀指數,描述水田化過程中耕地墾殖歷程,明晰耕地景觀演變格局,闡明區(qū)域空間分布并對比農區(qū)、墾區(qū)格局差異,探究區(qū)域耕地景觀演變的驅動因素。具體內容如下:(1)“水田化”過程中耕地墾殖歷程研究。在2000年到2013年間,本研究設定四個時間點,即:2000年、2005年、2010年、2013年,并完成該時點下覆蓋研究區(qū)的四期耕地利用矢量數據庫,基于ARCGIS平臺,利用屬性表統(tǒng)計每期耕地面積總量,并計算同一時點下水田面積在耕地總量中所占的面積比例,并通過相關模型描述耕地變化速度,刻畫水田開發(fā)趨勢。研究內容為水田化過程中耕地數量變化特征分析;水田化過程中耕地流向特征分析;耕地相對變化率空間分布特征分析。(2)“水田化”進程中耕地景觀格局特征研究。基于水田面積大幅擴張的鮮明特點,運用標準法,選取典型景觀指數,從區(qū)域以及局部的“耕地組分特征”、“空間配置特征”、“斑塊演化規(guī)律”三個層次由淺入深逐層分析“水田化”進程中景觀格局變化特征,主要分析角度如下:水田化過程中三江平原北部耕地景觀組分特征分析;水田化過程中三江平原北部耕地景觀格局空間配置特征分析;水田化過程中三江平原北部耕地景觀斑塊演化特征分析。(3)水田化過程中耕地景觀驅動因素分析。水田面積的擴大進一步提高耕地墾殖率,改變耕地中水田、旱地組成結構,使得耕地景觀空間分布呈現新的特征。在中國這一獨特的耕地景觀變化其驅動因素十分重要,為此,本文主要將水田擴張的驅動因素歸結為以下幾個方面:耕地政策因素,耕地政策的推動作用促進三江平原北部耕地面積持續(xù)擴大,尤其是水田面積的迅猛擴張;耕地經營主體因素,“農區(qū)”與“墾區(qū)”耕地經營方式的不同導致耕地格局的差異化;農業(yè)現代化差異因素,農業(yè)現代化進程的不同進一步影響“農區(qū)”與“墾區(qū)”耕地空間形態(tài);地表水資源限制因素,水資源供給的限制使得水田呈現井噴式擴散并逐步向整個區(qū)域延伸的態(tài)勢;市場經濟因素,市場經濟的導向作用促進水田格局的進一步擴大。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid advancement of urbanization and industrialization in China, the increasing number of cultivated land occupied by the construction land, the increasing population peak and the continuous improvement of the people's living standards have made the pressure of maintaining a certain amount of cultivated land. At the same time, the population continues to grow and the demand for the steady economic development is further added to the cultivated land. The contradiction between human and land is becoming more and more acute. How to ensure the demand of national grain based on limited cultivated land resources is a difficult problem. The development of paddy field production has a strategic significance to increase grain output and increase the supply of national grain. The cultivated land reclamation in Northeast China (northeast three provinces) has obvious direction, which is from the south to the north and from west to East, and is continuously advancing from west to East, The area of farmland reclamation gradually expands and the total area of cultivated land is almost exponential growth. As a major agricultural province in Heilongjiang, the cultivated land reclamation from the Songnen plain to the Sanjiang plain continues to expand, the field reclamation area continues to expand, the total area of cultivated land continues to increase. The phenomenon of "chemical" symbolizes the accelerating trend of the "paddy field" process of cultivated land reclamation in China. The northern Sanjiang plain is located in Northeast China and north of Heilongjiang province. In recent years, non cultivated land has been transformed into arable land, which makes the area of cultivated land expand and become an important food and food planting area in the country. Especially since twenty-first Century, more than 10 In the years, a series of policies were introduced by the central government in succession. Heilongjiang province adopted a series of concrete measures to promote the development of agriculture in the region, which made the cultivated land reclamation rate of the region further improved, the planting structure was constantly adjusted, the area of the paddy field expanded rapidly, the comprehensive grain production capacity and the degree of commercialization increased significantly, and the regional cultivated land was at the same time. The pattern of spatial and temporal distribution of resources has changed obviously. Thus, the landscape transformation pattern of "natural landscape arable land and farmland landscape water field" in Sanjiang plain has typical and representative pattern in the process of "paddy field". This paper takes the national commodity grain base, the north of Sanjiang plain as the research area, and farmland agriculture and agriculture. On the basis of this, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to construct the landscape evolution of cultivated land in the expansion of paddy field. At the same time, on the basis of reviewing the cultivation process of cultivated land, this study analyzes the landscape of cultivated land in different periods of the "paddy field" process. The pattern change pattern and spatial distribution difference and the future landscape spatial distribution pattern will provide the basis for improving the allocation of cultivated land resources and carrying out the construction of high standard basic farmland in the development process of Sanjiang plain and Heilongjiang province. At the same time, this paper takes "the natural landscape of northern Sanjiang plain, cultivated land landscape water field." On the basis of "landscape pattern of cultivated land", on the basis of "landscape ecology", "theory of landscape ecology", "theory of optimal allocation of cultivated land resources", "location theory", "human land relationship theory", based on the vector data of cultivated land in the northern part of Sanjiang plain. The standard method is used to select the typical landscape index, to describe the cultivated land reclamation process in the process of paddy field, to clarify the landscape evolution pattern of cultivated land, to clarify the regional spatial distribution and to compare the differences between the agricultural area and the reclamation area, to explore the driving factors of the landscape evolution of the cultivated land. The specific contents are as follows: (1) the cultivated land reclamation process in the process of "paddy field" is 2000. From 2013 years to 2013, the study set four time points, namely: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2013, and completed the four phase vector database of cultivated land use in the study area under this time point. Based on the ARCGIS platform, the total amount of cultivated land was calculated by using the attribute table, and the proportion of the area in the total amount of farmland under the same point was calculated. And describe the change speed of cultivated land through the related models and describe the trend of paddy field development. The research content is the analysis of the variation characteristics of cultivated land during the field of water field; the characteristic analysis of the flow direction of cultivated land during the field of water field; the analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of the relative change rate of cultivated land. (2) the characteristics of the landscape pattern of cultivated land in the "paddy field" process. With the distinctive features of large expansion, the typical landscape index is selected by the standard method. From the regional and local "characteristics of cultivated land components", "spatial distribution characteristics" and "patch evolution law", the characteristics of landscape pattern change in the process of "paddy field" are analyzed from the three levels from the shallow to the deep. The main analysis angles are as follows: in the process of paddy field Analysis of the characteristics of landscape composition of cultivated land in the northern Sanjiang plain; analysis of the spatial configuration characteristics of cultivated land landscape pattern in the northern part of Sanjiang plain during the process of water field; analysis of the characteristics of landscape patch evolution in the northern part of Sanjiang plain during the process of water field. (3) the analysis of the driving factors of cultivated land in the process of water field. The colonization rate, changing the farmland in the paddy field and the structure of the dryland, makes the landscape spatial distribution of the cultivated land new characteristics. In China, this unique cultivated land landscape changes its driving factors very important. Therefore, this paper mainly attributed the driving factors of the expansion of the paddy field to the following aspects: the policy factors of cultivated land and the promotion of the cultivated land policy to promote three The area of arable land in the northern part of the Yangtze River is expanding, especially the rapid expansion of the area of the paddy field. The difference between the main factors of the cultivated land management, the difference of the farmland management mode between the "agricultural area" and the "reclamation area" leads to the difference of the cultivated land pattern; the difference of agricultural modernization and the different agricultural modernization process further influence the farmland space of "agricultural area" and "reclamation area" The restriction factors of surface water resources and the restriction of water supply make the paddy field show the spread of blowout and gradually extend to the whole region; the market economy factor and the guiding role of the market economy promote the further expansion of the pattern of the paddy field.
【學位授予單位】：東北農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.211

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