本文選題：金槍魚 + 貿(mào)易壁壘　； 參考：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：每年在全球金槍魚捕撈量中約42%進入國際貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域,對于某些國家來說貿(mào)易量的巨大必定沖擊其本國金槍魚漁業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。此外,為實現(xiàn)全球金槍魚漁業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,打擊非法、不報告和不受管制的捕撈活動,市場措施和港口國措施相繼被提出,并且以不同的形式出現(xiàn)于各種國際條約中。其中,市場措施作為終端管理措施已成為區(qū)域漁業(yè)管理組織管理和養(yǎng)護金槍魚資源的重要手段之一。因此,以保護本國金槍魚產(chǎn)業(yè)為目的的WTO法律框架下的貿(mào)易壁壘和資源養(yǎng)護為目的的市場措施成為了金槍魚貿(mào)易中的主要壁壘,表現(xiàn)形式可包括區(qū)域漁業(yè)管理組織市場措施、市場國市場措施、關(guān)稅壁壘、技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘、行業(yè)壁壘等。以上金槍魚貿(mào)易中的壁壘均已得到了世界主要金槍魚市場國的具體實踐和發(fā)展。通過研究上述壁壘的法律條文,了解市場措施和WTO中貿(mào)易限制被使用的法律約束和相互關(guān)聯(lián),對于打破金槍魚貿(mào)易壁壘具有重要的意義,且本文通過兩起金槍魚案的分析證實了此觀點。我國雖然是金槍魚捕撈大國且金槍魚漁業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,但主要依賴于海外市進行金槍魚貿(mào)易,且市場占有率較低。國內(nèi)市場雖前景廣闊,卻因種種因素尚未開拓。貿(mào)易中壁壘成為阻礙我國金槍魚產(chǎn)品國內(nèi)外貿(mào)易的主要因素。其中,國際貿(mào)易中的主要壁壘有合法捕撈配額少、歧視性貿(mào)易壁壘、漁船和加工廠認證壁壘、行業(yè)壁壘;國內(nèi)貿(mào)易中壁壘包括金槍魚價格過高、質(zhì)量較低、營銷渠道單一。本文通過分析我國企業(yè)金槍魚貿(mào)易中壁壘形成的原因,了解相關(guān)國際法規(guī)、行業(yè)實際情況以及我國政府對遠洋漁業(yè)實際支持的政策,找出解決貿(mào)易中壁壘的方法。方法主要涵蓋以下三個方面:(1)企業(yè)積極利用國際相關(guān)法律維護自身權(quán)益,政府加強國際資源養(yǎng)護合作提高配額。(2)政府在技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘方面提供技術(shù)支持和資金援助。(3)企業(yè)決策者改變市場觀念,積極應(yīng)對壁壘,開拓市場。其中,企業(yè)決策者觀念是關(guān)鍵,政府援助和法律援引是輔助。最后,本文針對我國遠洋漁業(yè)發(fā)展中存在的問題提出,加強我國遠洋漁船的監(jiān)管、杜絕IUU捕撈、準(zhǔn)確漁業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)上報,對提高我國在資源養(yǎng)護中的履約能力意義非常重大。提高我國的履約能力,從而進一步樹立我國負責(zé)任漁業(yè)大國的形象,提升我國在區(qū)域漁業(yè)組織中的話語權(quán),獲得更多的合法配額。
[Abstract]:Every year, about 42% of the global tuna catch goes into the field of international trade. For some countries, the huge amount of trade is bound to impact the development of their own tuna fishery industry. In addition, in order to achieve the sustainable development of global tuna fisheries and to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, market and port State measures have been proposed one after another and appear in different forms in various international treaties. Among them, market measures as terminal management measures have become one of the important means for regional fisheries management organizations to manage and conserve tuna resources. Thus, market measures aimed at trade barriers and resource conservation within the framework of the WTO law aimed at protecting the domestic tuna industry have become the main barriers in tuna trade, which may take the form of market measures by regional fisheries management organizations, Market measures, tariff barriers, technical barriers to trade, industry barriers, etc. All the barriers to tuna trade have been developed by the world's major tuna market countries. By studying the legal provisions of the above-mentioned barriers and understanding the legal constraints and interrelationships between market measures and the use of trade restrictions in the WTO, it is of great significance to break down the barriers to trade in tuna. The analysis of two tuna cases confirms this view. Although China is a big tuna fishing country and tuna fishery develops rapidly, it mainly relies on overseas markets for tuna trade, and its market share is low. Although the domestic market is promising, but due to a variety of factors have not yet been developed. Barriers to trade have become the main factor hindering the domestic and foreign trade of tuna products in China. Among them, the main barriers in international trade include less legal fishing quotas, discriminatory trade barriers, fishing vessel and processing plant certification barriers, industry barriers; domestic trade barriers include high price of tuna, low quality, single marketing channels. Based on the analysis of the reasons for the formation of barriers in tuna trade in Chinese enterprises, this paper finds out the ways to solve the barriers in trade by understanding the relevant international laws and regulations, the actual situation of the industry and the policy of our government's actual support to the offshore fishery. The method mainly covers the following three aspects: 1) Enterprises actively use relevant international laws to safeguard their own rights and interests. The government strengthens the international resources conservation cooperation to raise the quota. 2) the government provides the technical support and the fund assistance in the technical barrier to trade. 3) the enterprise decision maker changes the market idea, positively responds to the barrier, develops the market. Among them, the concept of enterprise decision-maker is the key, government aid and legal reference are auxiliary. Finally, in view of the problems existing in the development of China's ocean-going fisheries, this paper puts forward that strengthening the supervision of China's ocean-going fishing vessels, putting an end to IUU fishing, and reporting accurate fishery data are of great significance to improving our country's ability to comply with the law in the conservation of resources. Improve our country's ability to fulfill the contract, thus further establish the image of our country's responsible fishery power, promote our country's right of speech in regional fishery organization, obtain more legal quota.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F326.4;F752.02

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