本文選題：山核桃 + 經營模式�。� 參考：《浙江農林大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：山核桃是臨安市的名優(yōu)堅果,因其較高的營養(yǎng)價值與較好的口味在市場上十分暢銷,隨著山核桃經濟效益的不斷提高,島石鎮(zhèn)作為山核桃主產區(qū),林農不斷擴大山核桃種植面積,為了追求利益最大化以及方便管理采收,濫用化肥與除草劑,鏟除林內灌木雜草,導致山核桃林日漸趨于純化林,林間生物多樣性遭到嚴重破壞,病蟲害加劇,同時生態(tài)環(huán)境也不斷惡化,造成水土流失嚴重,蓄水能力下降,土地板結等,嚴重制約著島石鎮(zhèn)山核桃產業(yè)的健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展。是島石鎮(zhèn)農民最主要的經濟來源之一。近年來隨著山核桃經濟效益不斷提高,林農為了追求利益最大化與管理采摘時的方便,濫用化肥、農藥與除草劑,并將林內灌木雜草全部鏟除,導致山核桃林日漸趨于純化林,林地生態(tài)環(huán)境不斷惡化等問題,如:水土流失嚴重,林地蓄水能力下降,不耐干旱,風吹樹倒;林地生物多樣性遭到嚴重破壞,病蟲害加劇等,這些問題都嚴重制約著島石鎮(zhèn)山核桃產業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。針對傳統(tǒng)經營模式所存在的問題,由科技人員提出了具有可持續(xù)性的山核桃生態(tài)經營模式。山核桃是臨安市的著名堅果,山核桃收入已成為島石鎮(zhèn)農民最主要的經濟收入來源。進入21世紀后,山核桃價格逐年上漲,為了獲得最大的經濟收益、方便林地經營和果熟后采收,林農普遍在生產經營過程中給山核桃林地大量施用化肥、濫用農藥與過度噴灑除草劑,并將林內灌木雜草全部鏟除,導致山核桃林日漸趨于純化林,林地生態(tài)環(huán)境不斷惡化等問題,如山核桃林地裸露面積逐年增加,水土保持能力和蓄水能力卻逐年下降,導致山核桃林在干旱季節(jié)不耐旱;地表植被和林間雜樹去除殆盡,生物多樣性和生態(tài)平衡遭到嚴重破壞,山核桃林抗病蟲害能力減弱,山核桃樹在澇季變得更易倒伏。因此,山核桃傳統(tǒng)經營模式已嚴重制約島石鎮(zhèn)山核桃產業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。針對其在生產經營中引起的一些問題,為了解決這些問題,使山核桃產業(yè)朝向健康、可持續(xù)性的方向發(fā)展,林業(yè)科研人員提出了山核桃生態(tài)化經營模式。本文主要以島石鎮(zhèn)為例,對所在區(qū)域進行實地調研和問卷調查,通過調研得知目前島石鎮(zhèn)山核桃經營模式主要由生態(tài)經營和傳統(tǒng)經營兩種模式,然而傳統(tǒng)經營模式導致山核桃林生態(tài)環(huán)境逐年惡化,且病蟲害頻發(fā),山核桃質量也隨著下降。雖然在短期內,生態(tài)化經營模式的經濟效果顯現(xiàn)不明顯,但是隨著生態(tài)經營模式的推廣,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)生態(tài)經營模式可以增加山核桃林的生物多樣性;山核桃的質量和品質也更高。生態(tài)化經營模式更有利于臨安市山核桃產業(yè)的健康、可持續(xù)性發(fā)展。但是基于農戶教育程度低且為了追求利益最大化往往傾向于傳統(tǒng)的經營模式,導致島石鎮(zhèn)山核桃經營模式仍以傳統(tǒng)經營為主,不愿意選擇生態(tài)化經營模式,這已經嚴重制約了臨安山核桃產業(yè)的健康、可持續(xù)性發(fā)展。基于以上結論,提出相關政策建議。主要包括以下建議:(1)政府部門要加強山核桃生態(tài)化經營模式相關知識的宣傳教育,提高林農對其的認知水平以及選擇意愿;(2)林業(yè)科研人員要加強生態(tài)化經營技術的研發(fā)和推廣力度,提供林農獲取相關知識的途徑;(3)政府資金保障要到位,給予林農一定資金補助和扶持,降低林農開展山核桃生態(tài)化經營的風險。
[Abstract]:Hickory is a famous nut in Ling'an, which is very popular in the market because of its high nutritional value and good taste. With the continuous improvement of Pecan's economic benefit, it is the main producing area of hickory, and the forest farmers continue to expand the planting area of Hickory. In order to pursue the most benefit and convenient management, the abuse of chemical fertilizer and weeding. In order to eradicate the shrub and weeds in the forest, the walnut forest is becoming more and more purified, the biodiversity of the forest is seriously damaged, the diseases and insect pests are aggravated, and the ecological environment is deteriorating, which causes the serious soil erosion, the decline of water storage capacity and the land slit, which seriously restricts the healthy and sustainable development of the walnut industry of the island stone. It is the island Shi Zhennong. One of the most important economic sources of the people. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of Pecan's economic benefits, in order to pursue the convenience of maximization of benefits and the convenience of harvesting, the farmers abused chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides, and removed all the shrubs and weeds in the forest, which led to the increasingly purification of the walnut forest and the deterioration of the ecological environment of the woodland, such as: The water and soil loss is serious, the capacity of the forestland is decreased, the drought is not tolerant, the wind blows the tree, the biodiversity of the woodland is seriously damaged and the disease and insect are aggravated. These problems seriously restrict the sustainable development of the walnut industry of the island stone. Pecan is the famous nut of Ling'an, and the income of hickory walnut has become the main source of economic income for the farmers in the island of isshi town. After entering twenty-first Century, the price of Pecan is rising year by year. In order to obtain the maximum economic profit, it is convenient for woodland management and harvest after fruit ripening, and the forest farmers generally give the walnut woodland in the process of production and management. The application of chemical fertilizer, misuse of pesticides and over spraying herbicides, and all of the shrub and weeds in the forest have been eliminated, which leads to the increasing tendency of the walnut forest to purify forest and the deterioration of the ecological environment of the woodland, such as the increase of the bare area of the walnut woodland year by year, the ability of soil and water conservation and the capacity of water storage decreased year by year, resulting in the drought season of the walnut forest in the drought season. It is not tolerant to drought; the surface vegetation and the forest miscellaneous trees have been removed, the biodiversity and ecological balance are seriously damaged, the ability of the walnut forest to resist diseases and insect pests is weakened, and the pecan tree becomes more prone to lodging in the waterlogging season. Therefore, the traditional management model of hickory has seriously restricted the sustainable development of the walnut industry of the island stone. In order to solve these problems, in order to solve these problems and make the hickory industry towards health and sustainability, forestry researchers have put forward the ecological management model of Hickory. This paper mainly takes Island stone town as an example to make a field investigation and questionnaire survey on the region, and through the investigation, we know that the management model of the walnut is the main model of the island. There are two modes of ecological management and traditional management, however, the ecological environment of the walnut forest is deteriorating year by year, and the quality of the pecan is decreasing. Although in the short term, the economic effect of the ecological management model is not obvious, but with the promotion of the ecological management model, the author finds the ecological management. The model can increase the biodiversity of the hickory forest; the quality and quality of the pecan is higher. The ecological management model is more conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of the hickory industry in Ling'an. However, the low education level of farmers and the pursuit of the maximum benefit tend to the traditional management model, which leads to the walnut of island stone. The model is still based on traditional management and is not willing to choose the ecological management model, which has seriously restricted the health and sustainable development of the walnut industry in Ling'an. Based on the above conclusions, the relevant policy suggestions are put forward. The following suggestions are included: (1) government departments should strengthen the propaganda and education of the related knowledge of the pecan ecological management model. Gao Linnong's cognitive level and the choice of willingness; (2) forestry researchers should strengthen the R & D and promotion of ecological management technology, provide the way for forest farmers to acquire relevant knowledge; (3) the government fund guarantee should be in place, give the farmers a certain fund subsidy and support, and reduce the risk of the ecological management of the walnut farmers.
【學位授予單位】：浙江農林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F326.13

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