本文選題：菏澤市 + 農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老��； 參考：《新疆大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：自2000年以來,菏澤市人口老齡化速度不斷加快。與山東省東部沿海發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)相比,我市屬于“未富先老”,并且農(nóng)村老齡化的程度明顯高于城市。然而,農(nóng)村社會資源、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施卻遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于城市,這使得養(yǎng)老問題更加突出。2015年,全市60歲以上的老年人突破150萬,占總?cè)丝诘谋壤仙?0%。如此龐大人群的養(yǎng)老問題,嚴(yán)重影響著社會的和諧穩(wěn)定和未來發(fā)展走向。目前,學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)于農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老的研究成果較多。但學(xué)者從宏觀層面進行分析的多,結(jié)合政策執(zhí)行和落實對體系建設(shè)進行研究的較少。因此,本文綜合運用文獻(xiàn)分析、問卷調(diào)查、比較分析法,深入2鎮(zhèn)4個村實地調(diào)查,從政府、家庭、社會、個人角度進行分析,挖掘問題產(chǎn)生的原因,提出相應(yīng)對策。全文共分為五個章節(jié)。緒論部分主要闡述了選題背景與意義。隨著人口老齡化現(xiàn)象的加劇,我市農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老問題日漸嚴(yán)重。雖然國家相繼推出一系列惠民政策可以緩解不斷加劇的壓力,但受經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平、群眾觀念、政策落實等因素影響,當(dāng)前仍存在大量問題,挖掘問題、分析原因、提出對策就是本文的主要目的。第一章主要闡述國家有關(guān)養(yǎng)老方面的政策,對比查看我市在政策執(zhí)行、貫徹落實方面的情況。利用工作之便,筆者選擇牡丹區(qū)安興鎮(zhèn)孟王莊村、肖莊村和巨野縣營里鎮(zhèn)袁謝村、劉樓村實地走訪,就經(jīng)濟收入、健康狀況、生活照料、精神文化等方面做了詳細(xì)的問卷調(diào)查。第二章主要闡述了我市農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老工作存在的問題,突出表現(xiàn)為:家庭贍養(yǎng)功能弱化;社會保障體系不健全;地方財政投入嚴(yán)重不足;服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)檔次低,從業(yè)人員水平差。通過查閱文獻(xiàn)資料,筆者深入分析,挖掘原因:經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平低,大量年輕勞動力流出,造成“養(yǎng)老荒”;傳統(tǒng)觀念過時,家庭養(yǎng)老難以維系;地方財政基礎(chǔ)差,增長慢,“輸血”少;沒有理順農(nóng)民與土地的關(guān)系。第三章主要闡述了國內(nèi)其他地區(qū)農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老工作的實踐與創(chuàng)新。通過對幸福院、居家養(yǎng)老中心的比較,分析出其得以實施的有利條件以及普遍推廣存在的困難。借鑒部分發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的探索,如“時間銀行”志愿服務(wù)、醫(yī)養(yǎng)結(jié)合模式、土地養(yǎng)老、以房養(yǎng)老,學(xué)習(xí)其先進做法,吸取經(jīng)驗,取長補短。第四章主要從家庭、政府、社會、個人等方面提出對策:加強頂層設(shè)計,夯實經(jīng)濟、法律基礎(chǔ);多措并舉,多策并用,建立多支柱的保障體系;引入民間資本,集合社會力量,放寬市場入口;轉(zhuǎn)變觀念,引導(dǎo)自我養(yǎng)老。結(jié)論部分呼吁家庭、政府、社會積極行動,共同發(fā)力,從依賴子女贍養(yǎng)轉(zhuǎn)向居家養(yǎng)老、互助養(yǎng)老、機構(gòu)養(yǎng)老,提高自養(yǎng)能力,聯(lián)合搭建起堅實、無縫隙的社會保障網(wǎng),以實現(xiàn)老人安度晚年,共享幸福。
[Abstract]:Since 2000, the speed of population aging in Heze has been accelerating. Compared with the developed areas in the east coast of Shandong Province, our city belongs to the "old before rich", and the degree of rural aging is obviously higher than that of the city. However, the rural social resources and infrastructure lags far behind the urban, which makes the pension problem more prominent. In 2015, the number of elderly over 60 years old in the city exceeded 1.5 million, the proportion of the total population rose to 20. The pension problem of such a huge crowd seriously affects the social harmony and stability and the future development trend. At present, the academic circles about the rural old-age pension research results are more. However, scholars analyze more from the macro level, and less research on system construction combined with policy implementation and implementation. Therefore, this article synthetically uses the literature analysis, the questionnaire survey, the comparative analysis method, the thorough 2 towns 4 villages field investigation, from the government, the family, the society, the individual angle carries on the analysis, excavates the reason which the question produces, puts forward the corresponding countermeasure. The full text is divided into five chapters. The introduction mainly expounds the background and significance of the selected topic. With the aggravation of the aging population, the problem of providing for the aged in rural areas of our city is becoming more and more serious. Although the state has introduced a series of policies to benefit the people one after another, it can alleviate the increasing pressure, but under the influence of factors such as the level of economic development, the concept of the masses, and the implementation of the policy, there are still a large number of problems, excavating the problems, and analyzing the reasons. The main purpose of this paper is to put forward countermeasures. The first chapter mainly expounds the state policy on the old-age care, and compares the implementation and implementation of the policy in our city. With the help of work, the author selected Meng Wang Zhuang Village, Anxing Town, Mengwangzhuang Village, Xiao Zhuang Village and Yingli Town Yuan Xie Village, Juye County, Mengwangzhuang Village in Mudan District, and made a detailed questionnaire survey on economic income, health status, life care, spiritual culture and so on. The second chapter mainly expounds the problems existing in the rural old-age care work in our city, which are mainly manifested in the weakening of the function of family support; the unsound social security system; the serious shortage of local financial investment; the low level of service industry and the poor level of employees. Through the literature review, the author analyzes the reasons: low level of economic development, outflow of a large number of young labor force, resulting in "old-age shortage"; outdated traditional concepts, family pension is difficult to maintain; poor local financial base, slow growth, "Blood transfusion" is few; the relationship between farmers and land has not been straightened out. The third chapter mainly expounds the practice and innovation of rural old-age work in other areas of China. Through the comparison of the happy home and the home pension center, this paper analyzes the favorable conditions for its implementation and the difficulties in popularizing it. We should learn from the exploration of some developed regions, such as "time bank" voluntary service, combination mode of medical care and support, land old-age care, old-age care with housing, learn its advanced methods, absorb experience, and learn from each other's weaknesses. The fourth chapter mainly from the family, the government, the society, the individual and so on aspect proposes the countermeasure: strengthens the top level design, compacts the economy, the legal foundation; many measures simultaneously, many measures and uses, establishes the multi-pillar safeguard system; inducts the folk capital, gathers the social strength, Relax the market entrance; change the idea, guide self-endowment. Conclusion the family, government and society are urged to take positive actions and make joint efforts to change from dependent on children's support to family support, mutual support, institutional old-age support, self-support ability, and to build a solid, seamless social security network. In order to achieve the elderly to spend their twilight years, share happiness.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F323.89

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