本文選題：碳足跡 + 吉林西部�。� 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土地利用變化作為全球性氣溫持續(xù)升高的一個重要影響因素，不僅對植被碳庫和土壤表層碳庫有著顯著影響，甚至可以激發(fā)土壤深層惰性碳庫的損失，土地利用行為已成為除了化石能源燃燒排放以外的第二大溫室氣體排放源。相對于以往研究中多使用的碳排放概念，碳足跡研究更能形象和直觀的反映出人類活動對環(huán)境造成的影響和壓力程度。 本研究基于3S技術(shù)，在土地利用/覆被變化研究的基礎(chǔ)上，借鑒《2006年IPCC國家溫室氣體清單指南》計算方法，通過構(gòu)建區(qū)域碳足跡估算模型，開展區(qū)域土地利用變化的碳足跡分析，揭示區(qū)域碳收支狀況及其時空變化的特征和規(guī)律，為基于低碳和碳減排的土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 通過對Landsat TM衛(wèi)星遙感影像的解譯，獲取了1989~2008年的研究區(qū)土地利用/覆蓋變化的信息，，應(yīng)用空間疊加分析功能獲取土地利用變化轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣，分析各地類間相互轉(zhuǎn)化狀況。結(jié)果顯示，農(nóng)田、林地、聚居地和鹽堿地面積總體呈增加趨勢，而草地、水體、濕地、灘地和沙地面積總體呈減少趨勢。近20年間研究區(qū)土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了較大變化，主要體現(xiàn)在：旱田轉(zhuǎn)化為林地和草地；草地轉(zhuǎn)為旱田；高覆蓋草地和濕地退化為中低覆蓋草地或開發(fā)為旱田等。 借鑒《2006年IPCC國家溫室氣體清單指南》中的分類和方法，提出土地利用變化碳足跡的綜合核算模型，包括植被碳足跡、土地利用類型保持不變和發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變的土壤碳足跡。農(nóng)田和草地保持類型不變時，其土壤有機碳儲量分別增加和減少，這與草地不斷退化有關(guān)；轉(zhuǎn)化為農(nóng)田、林地和水體的地類土壤有機碳儲量增加，轉(zhuǎn)化為草地、鹽堿地和沙地的地類則表現(xiàn)為土壤有機碳儲量減少。 土地利用變化碳足跡在1989~2008年間呈逐年遞減的趨勢，研究區(qū)陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)整體表現(xiàn)為碳匯。植被碳庫具有較強的碳匯功能，但土壤碳庫在土地利用類型發(fā)生變化時整體表現(xiàn)為碳源。吉林西部土地利用變化碳足跡空間分布差異較大，碳足跡較高的地區(qū)主要集中分布在研究區(qū)中部、西南部及扶余縣的部分地區(qū)，而碳足跡較小的地區(qū)主要分布在研究區(qū)西北部、前郭縣的西部、濕地自然保護區(qū)以及大安市中部等地區(qū)。土地利用變化碳足跡中最大的和最小的縣市分別為扶余縣和前郭縣。林地面積的減少、草地的退化、水域的萎縮、鹽堿地和沙地面積的增加都將會導(dǎo)致碳足跡增加，碳匯減少。 針對研究區(qū)土地利用變化碳足跡的特點，應(yīng)加強對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的管理和監(jiān)督，改變傳統(tǒng)耕作方式，改變現(xiàn)有畜牧養(yǎng)殖管理方式，實施生態(tài)恢復(fù)與治理工程，不斷優(yōu)化土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)，減少碳排放，增加碳匯。本文的研究結(jié)果可為區(qū)域土地利用碳減排政策的制定提供理論基礎(chǔ)和科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Land use change (LUCF), as an important influence factor of global warming, not only has a significant impact on vegetation carbon pool and soil surface carbon pool, but also can stimulate the loss of deep soil inert carbon pool. Land use behavior has become the second largest greenhouse gas emission source besides fossil energy combustion. Compared with the concept of carbon emissions used in previous studies, carbon footprint study can reflect the impact of human activities on the environment and the degree of stress more vividly and intuitively. Based on 3s technology, based on the land use / cover change research, and using the IPCC National greenhouse Gas inventory guidelines for 2006 as a reference, a regional carbon footprint estimation model was constructed. The carbon footprint analysis of regional land use change is carried out to reveal the status of regional carbon budget and budget and the characteristics and laws of temporal and spatial changes, which provides a scientific basis for the optimization of land use structure based on low carbon and carbon emission reduction. Through the interpretation of Landsat TM satellite remote sensing image, the information of land use / cover change in the study area from 1989 to 2008 was obtained, and the land use change transfer matrix was obtained by using spatial superposition analysis function, and the status of mutual transformation among different classes was analyzed. The results showed that the area of farmland, woodland, settlement and saline-alkali land was increasing, while the area of grassland, water body, wetland, beach and sandy land was decreasing. In recent 20 years, great changes have taken place in the structure of land use in the study area, which are mainly reflected in the transformation of dryland into woodland and grassland, the conversion of grassland into dryland, the degradation of high-covered grassland and wetland into low-covered grassland or dryland development, and so on. Based on the classification and method in the 2006 IPCC National greenhouse Gas inventory guidelines, a comprehensive accounting model of the carbon footprint of land use change (LUCF) is proposed, including the carbon footprint of vegetation, the soil carbon footprint in which the land use types remain unchanged and change. When the types of farmland and grassland remain unchanged, the soil organic carbon reserves increase and decrease respectively, which is related to the continuous degradation of grassland. On the other hand, soil organic carbon reserves decreased in saline and sandy land. The carbon footprint of land use change decreased year by year from 1989 to 2008, and the whole terrestrial ecosystem in the study area was shown as carbon sink. The vegetation carbon pool has strong carbon sink function, but the soil carbon pool is the carbon source when the land use type changes. The spatial distribution of carbon footprint of land use change in western Jilin is quite different. The areas with high carbon footprint are mainly distributed in the central, southwest and parts of Fuyu County, while the areas with small carbon footprint are mainly distributed in the northwest of the study area. The west of Qianguo County, Wetland Nature Reserve and the central area of Da'an City. The largest and smallest counties and cities in the carbon footprint of land use change are Fuyu County and Qianguo County, respectively. The decrease of forestland area, the degradation of grassland, the shrinking of water area, the increase of saline-alkali land and sandy land area will result in the increase of carbon footprint and carbon sink. In view of the characteristics of carbon footprint of land use change in the study area, it is necessary to strengthen the management and supervision of agricultural production, change the traditional farming methods, change the existing animal husbandry management methods, and implement ecological restoration and management projects. We will continue to optimize the land use structure, reduce carbon emissions and increase carbon sinks. The results of this paper can provide a theoretical and scientific basis for the formulation of regional land use carbon emission reduction policy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F301.2;X24

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